[NOTES: The prices quoted here are for a subscription to the periodical; throughout the period, subscribers also paid postage, which varied depending on the format of the periodical (newspapers were usually cheaper than magazines) and the distance it was sent.
• Unless noted, page size is the size when trimmed, usually for binding; page size is approximate. Page size is described as height by width, thus: [measurement in inches]" h x [measurement in inches]" w
• about frequency: semimonthly: twice a month (usually 24 issues per year); biweekly: every other week (usually 26 issues per year); bimonthly: every other month (usually 6 issues per year)
• about availability: selections or complete issues available for free on the Internet, or available at libraries on microform
• abbreviations: APS, American Periodical Series (microfilm); AAS, American Antiquarian Society, MA; Batsel, Union List of United Methodist Serials, 1773-1973, comp. John D. Batsel and Lyda K. Batsel (Evanston, IL: n. p., 1974); NUC, National Union Catalog; OCLC, database available at many institutions via WorldCat (information may also be available in the NUC); ULS, Union List of Serials in Libraries of the United States and Canada, ed. Winifred Gregory (New York, NY: H. W. Wilson Co., 1927)]

Cold Water Army and Youth's Picnic (also Cold Water Army) ; 1841-1843

cover/masthead: 1841

edited by: Isaac F. Shepard; address in 1841: 11 Cornhill, Boston, MA

published: Boston, MA: Massachusetts Temperance Union, 1841; printed by William S. Damrell, 9 Cornhill

frequency: weekly: Thursday

description: 4 pp.; page size untrimmed, 15" h x 10.5" w; price, $1/ year in advance • Temperance focus

relevant quote: Description: "Each number will contain one or more original cuts to illustrate and enforce some subject discussed or fact stated in the number. It will be devoted to the organization and support of the Cold Water Army. Tales founded on fact, and sketches of men and manners, will be prepared of suitably attractive character and useful influence, historical events will be rewritten to adapt them to impress the minds and hearts of the young, and such matters of news, incident and anecdote as may be thought interesting and instructive will be introduced. It is hoped the Cold Water Army and others will take it. Let two, four, or eight boys and girls take one between them, if unable to do so separately." [1 (14 Oct 1841): 23]

source of information: 14 Oct 1841 issue

bibliography: Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 137.

Golden Rule ; 1841-1842

published: Groton, MA: Henry L. & George P. Brown.

frequency: monthly

description: Price, 50¢/ year

source of information: Lyon

bibliography: Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 139.

Juvenile Mirror and Youth's Literary Companion ; 1841

edited by: G. H. Hickman

published: Baltimore, MD: G. H. Hickman

frequency: 2 Jan-27 March 1841, weekly; 15 April 1841, monthly

description: Page size, 6.5" h

source of information: AAS catalog

The Tutor ; 1841-1842

frequency: weekly

source of information: Lyon

bibliography: Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 137.

The Young Ladies' Casket ; 1841-24 March 1842

edited by: vol 2: Lydia A. Duncan; Margaretta S. Compton

published: Charlestown, MA: Charlestown Female Seminary.

frequency: semimonthly

description: Page size, 8" h
• Vol 2 is 23 Dec 1841-24 March 1842
• Perhaps an amateur publication

source of information: NUC

Youth's Magazine and Juvenile Harp ; 1841-after March 1842

edited by: Harriet Beecher Stowe

published: Cincinnati, OH: S. W. Johns

frequency: monthly; 15th of the month

description: 24 pp.; 7.75" h; prices: 1 copy, 75¢/ year; 10 or more copies, 50¢ each

relevant quote: We have received numbers 1 and 2, volume XI., of the [Youth's Magazine and Juvenile Harp], published in Cincinnati, and edited by Mrs. H. E. B. Stowe. It has a variety of valuable selections, and some interesting editorial articles, adapted to the capacity and taste of children--with music for the young. With ourselves, the number of its correspondents appears to be sufficiently small." ["Youth's Magazine and Juvenile Harp." Sabbath School Messenger 5 (1 April 1842): 83]

source of information: Messenger; AAS catalog; OCLC

bibliography: "Youth's Magazine and Juvenile Harp." Sabbath School Messenger 5 (1 April 1842): 83.

Youth's Family Instructor and Sunday School Visitor (also Youth's Family Instructor) ; 7 Jan 1841-

published: Portland, ME: L. D. Fleming.

frequency: biweekly

description: Page size, 10.25" h

source of information: OCLC

Robert Merry's Museum ; Feb 1841-Nov 1872

cover/masthead: Feb-Aug 1841 | Nov 1841-1843 | 1844 | 1845-1847 | early 1848 | 1848-1853 | 1854-1856 | 1857-1867 | 1868-early 1870 | late 1870-1872

edited by: Feb 1841-Dec 1854, Samuel Griswold Goodrich ("Robert Merry" & "Peter Parley")
• Sept 1847-March 1848, Samuel Kettell.
• 1851-Nov 1855, Stephen T. Allen ("Robert Merry")
• May 1854-before 1867, William C. Cutter ("Hiram Hatchet")
• Jan 1855-1866, John N. Stearns ("Robert Merry")
• April 1857-1859, Francis Chandler Woodworth ("Uncle Frank")
• April 1857-Jan 1871, Susanna Newbould ("Aunt Sue")
• Jan 1862-?, William A. Fitch ("Uncle William")
• Oct 1867-1869, Louisa May Alcott
• 1870, "Uncle Miles"

published: Publishers are difficult to sort out precisely; following dates are taken from issues of the magazine and are organized by city.
• Boston, MA: Bradbury & Soden, Feb 1841-1844; office at 10 School St., 1841-1844; office at 12 School St., 1845-1846. Boston, MA: Bradbury & Guild, 1847; office at 12 School St. Boston, MA: Horace B. Fuller, 1868-Nov 1872.
• Philadelphia, PA: Samuel Hill, April-May 1841. Philadelphia, PA: Drew and Scammell, June 1841-after May 1842; office at "Corner of Third and Dock Street".
• New York, NY: William K. Vaill, April-Aug 1841; April: office at 91 Nassau St.; August: office at 127 Nassau St., Clinton Hall. New York, NY: Bradbury & Soden, Feb 1842-June 1843; office at 127 Nassau St. New York, NY: Darius Mead, Jan 1845-Dec 1846; office at 148 Nassau St., 1845; office at 141 Nassau St., 1846. New York, NY: George W. & Sylvester O. Post, Jan 1847-after April 1848; office at 5 Beekman St., Clinton Hall. New York, NY: James E. Hickman, before Aug-Dec 1848. New York, NY: D. McDonald & Co., Jan-Sept 1849. New York, NY: Stephen T. Allen & Co., Oct 1849-; office at 141 Nassau St., Oct 1849-May 1850; office at 142 Nassau St., June-Dec 1850; office at 116 Nassau St., 1852-1855. New York, NY: Stephen T. Allen, Isaac C. & John N. Stearns, Jan-Nov 1855. New York, NY: Isaac C. & John N. Stearns, Dec 1855-Dec 1856; office at 116 Nassau St., 1856. New York, NY: John N. Stearns & Co., 1857-April 1861; office at 116 Nassau St. New York, NY: John N. Stearns, May 1861-; office at 111 Fulton St., May 1861-March 1866. New York, NY: Eugene H. Fales, April 1866-1867; office at 111 Fulton St., April 1866; office at 172 William St., May 1866-July 1867.

frequency: monthly; 2 vol/ year

description: Feb 1841-Dec 1867: 32 pp. Jan 1868-Dec 1869: 40 pp. Jan 1870-Nov 1872: 48 pp.

• Price: 1841: 12.5¢/ copy; 1 copy, $1.50/ year; 4 copies, $5/ year. 1843: $1/ year; 6 copies, $5/ year; 13 copies, $10/ year. 1844-Sept 1864: $1/ year. 1844: 4 copies, $3/ year; 7 copies, $5/ year; 15 copies, $10/ year; 32 copies, $20/ year; 40 copies, $24/ year. Oct 1864-: $1.50/ year.

• Page size untrimmed: Feb-June 1841, 8" h x 6" w; Nov 1841-Nov 1872, 8.5" h x 6" w

• Circulation: May 1841, 7000 (from magazine); July 1842, 12,000 (from magazine); Feb 1843, 12,000 (from magazine); June 1850, more than 12,000 (from magazine); 1850, 13,000 (from Kennedy); 1857, 20,000 (from the magazine; the number became the traditional number of subscribers, referred to many times by editors and subscribers); 1869-1872, 10,000 (from magazine).

• Issues were stereotyped from the beginning.

• Vol 1-vol 53 (Feb 1841-Dec 1867); new series, vol 1-vol 10 (Jan 1868-Nov 1872)

relevant information: "Robert Merry," the putative editor of the magazine, first appeared in 1839 in Robert Merry's Miscellany, a paperbound gift book published by Samuel Colman. While much of the material in the Miscellany is by Samuel Goodrich--who fictionalized his childhood to provide Merry's background--the author isn't listed. Many of the pieces in the Miscellany appeared in the Museum during its first year. In 1839, Colman also published Robert Merry's Annual, a collection which includes no material by Goodrich.

• After the Museum absorbed The Schoolfellow in Oct 1857, former subscribers to the Schoolfellow received the Oct-Dec 1857 issues of the Museum inside a copy of the Schoolfellow's cover altered to include the address of the Museum's publisher.

• Before Eugene Fales bought the magazine in 1866, he was the office boy. Having enlisted in the army during the Civil War, he endured a romantic series of adventures which ended in his marrying one of the Museum's subscribers. Ill health, however, forced him to sell the magazine to Horace B. Fuller, who gave it a more professional tone.

relevant quotes:
• "Robert Merry" introduced himself to readers on the first page: "Kind and gentle people who make up what is called the Public--permit a stranger to tell you a brief story. I am about trying my hand at a Magazine; and this is my first number." [1 (Feb 1841): 1]

• The uniquely intimate relationship between editor and readers began the first year: "I return a thousand thanks to my many young friends, who have written me letters.... Jane R---- will accept my thanks for--she knows what! ... The basket of chestnuts were duly received from Alice D----, and were very welcome. Ralph H---- will see that I have done as he requested; I have given a portrait of the fine gray squirrel he sent me, in this number. He is well, and as lively as ever." [2 (Dec 1841): 187]

• The Museum probably was sold before the Boston Fire which destroyed Horace B. Fuller's business in Nov 1872: "The Publisher of Merry's Museum announces its discontinuance with the issue of the present number [November]. He has made an arrangement by which it will be merged into the Youth's Companion, and the subscribers shall be furnished for their unexpired terms with that paper. ... The Publisher feels assured that his friends and readers will find in the Youth's Companion all of the qualities that have pleased them in this Magazine, and in addition, other attractive features which have made the Companion one of the most interesting and popular publications in the country. Its enormous circulation, almost one hundred thousand copies, enables the publishers to secure many of the finest writers of the day, and we hope our readers will not fail to renew their subscriptions to the Youth's Companion for 1872, as we feel assured it cannot fail to please them." [62 (Nov 1872): insert]

absorbed: The Youth's Medallion ; 17 April 1841-10 Dec 1842 • Parley's Magazine ; March 1833-1844 • The Playmate ; Sept 1847-May 1848 • Woodworth's Youth's Cabinet ; 1846-March 1857 • The Schoolfellow ; Jan 1849-Sept 1857

absorbed by: The Youth's Companion ; 1827-1929

source of information: Feb 1841-Nov 1872 scattered issues and bound vols; APS reels 743 &1499-1501; Dechert

available: APS II (1800-1850), reels 743 & 1499-1501 (missing 1861-1865, 1872); excerpts online

bibliography: Review. Rural Repository, 18 (September 25, 1841): 63. online
• Advertisement. Brother Jonathan, (12 February 1842): advertising cover, p. xxviii. online
• Review. The New-York Mirror, 20 (26 March 1842): 103. online
• Notice. Brother Jonathan, 1 (16 April 1842): 437. online
• Notice. Ladies' Pearl, 2 (May 1842): 462. online
• Notice. Scientific American, 2 (27 March 1847): 213. online
• Notice. Scientific American, 2 (29 May 1847): 287. online
• Notice. The Youth's Casket, 1 (March 1852): 52. online
• Advertisement. The Youth's Companion, (12 January 1865): 8. online
• Notice. American Literary Gazette, 9 (1 October 1867): 298. online
• Notice. American Literary Gazette, 10 (15 January 1868): 177. online
• A Noble Life: John N. Stearns. New York: National Temperance Society and Publication House, n.d.
• William H. Coleman. "The Children's 'Robert Merry' and the Late John N. Stearns." The New York Evangelist 16 May 1895: 19. online
• Death notice for Horace B. Fuller. The Publishers' Weekly (21 January 1899): 56. online
• Harriet L. Matthews. "Children's Magazines." Bulletin of Bibliography. 1 (April 1899): 133-6.
• William Oliver Stevens. "'Uncle' Peter Parley." St. Nicholas Nov 1925: 78-81. online
• Frank Luther Mott. "Merry's Museum." In A History of American Magazines. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1930. Vol. 1: 713-715. [useless: listed here only for completeness]
• Dorothy B. Dechert. "The Merry Family: A Study of Merry's Museum, 1841-1872, and of the Various Periodicals that Merged with It." MA thesis. Columbia University, 1942.
• Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 163-167.
• Madeleine B. Stern. "The First Appearance of a 'Little Women' Incident." American Notes & Queries 3 (Oct. 1943): 99-100.
• John B. Crume. "Children's Magazines, 1826-1857." Journal of Popular Culture 7 (1973): 698-706.
• Justin G. Schiller. "Magazines for Young America: The First Hundred Years of Juvenile Periodicals." Columbia Library Columns 23 (1974): 24-39.
• Rex Burns. Success in America: The Yeoman Dream and the Industrial Evolution. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 1976; pp. 27-45.
• Jill Delano Sweiger. "Conceptions of Children in American Juvenile Periodicals: 1830-1870." PhD diss. Rutgers University, 1977.
• Children's Periodicals of the United States, ed. R. Gordon Kelly. Westport, CT & London, England: Greenwood Press, 1984.
• Pat Pflieger. "A Visit to Merry's Museum ; or, Social Values in a Nineteenth-Century American Periodical for Children." PhD diss. University of Minnesota, 1987. online
• Pat Pflieger. "Robert Merry's Museum and the Lure of the Sensational." Paper presented at the American Culture Association conference, 1988. online
• Pat Pflieger. "Death and the Readers of Robert Merry's Museum." Paper presented at the American Culture Association conference, 1994. online
• Pat Pflieger. "An 'Online Community' of the Nineteenth Century." Paper presented at the American Culture Association conference, 2001. online
• Pat Pflieger, ed. Letters from Nineteenth-Century American Children to Robert Merry's Museum Magazine. Lewiston, NY: Mellen Press, 2001.

The Eastern Rose-Bud ; 6 March 1841-1842 • Eastern Rosebud and Sabbath School Companion ; April 1843

edited by: 1842-April 1843, John E. True

published: Portland, ME: S. H. Colesworthy, 6 March 1841-April 1843.

frequency: 6 March 1841-1842, monthly • 1842-April 1843, semimonthly

description: Page sizes: 6 March 1841-1842, 5.75" h; 1842-April 1843, 7" h

source of information: OCLC; AAS catalog

Youth's Medallion ; 17 April 1841-10 Dec 1842

cover/masthead: 1841-1842

edited by: "Uncle Christopher"

published: Boston, MA: Sleeper, Dix & Rogers, 17 April 1841-April 15, 1842; publisher at the Mercantile Journal Office, Wilson's Lane.
• Boston, MA: Sleeper & Rogers, 30 April-11 June 1842; publisher at the Mercantile Journal Office, Wilson's Lane.

frequency: biweekly; 1 vol/ year

description: 8 pp.; quarto; page size, 12.75" h x 10" w. Prices, 1 copy, $1/ year; 6 copies, $5/ year; 20 copies, $15/ year.

absorbed by: Robert Merry's Museum ; Feb 1841-Nov 1872

relevant quote: About the merger with Merry's Museum: "An arrangement has been made with the publishers of Merry's Museum, by which, after the present number [10 Dec 1842], the subscribers to the Medallion will be supplied with the work of Robert Merry, and receive the numbers of that popular periodical, regularly, until the term for which they subscribed for the Medallion is completed...." [in Dechert, p. 107]

source of information: Sept 1841-June 1842, scattered issues; Dechert

bibliography: Review. Brother Jonathan. 2 (30 April 1842): 18. online
• Dorothy B. Dechert. "The Merry Family: A Study of Merry's Museum, 1841-1872, and of the Various Periodicals that Merged with It." MA thesis. Columbia University, 1942.

The Golden Rule ; 20 Aug 1841-5 April 1842

edited by: Mary Ann Brown

published: Albany, NY

frequency: semimonthly

description: Page size, 12" h

source of information: OCLC

The Young People's Book ; Sept 1841-Aug 1842

cover/masthead: 1841

edited by: John Frost • T. S. Arthur, 1842

published: Philadelphia, PA: Morton McMichael, 1841-1842; at 57 South Third St.; Nov 1841: printed by T. K. & P. G. Collins, #1 Lodge Alley.

frequency: monthly; 2 vol/ year

description: 32 pp.; page size, 9" h x 5.5" w. Prices, 1841: 1 copy, $2/ year; 3 copies, $5/ year; 6 copies, $10/ year; 20 copies, $30/ year, "invariably in advance." 1842: 1 copy, $1.50/ year; 4 copies, $5/ year; 10 copies, $10/ year.

relevant quotes: Prospectus: "THE YOUNG PEOPLE'S BOOK ... A MONTHLY MAGAZINE Devoted to the Instruction and Entertainment of Young Persons of Both Sexes; CONDUCTED WITH A SOLE VIEW TO THEIR IMPROVEMENT IN LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND THE CONDUCT OF LIFE, written, not in the colloquial language which is addressed to very young children, but with such attention to the style as shall render it worthy the notice of those who are acquiring the art of Composition or forming their Literary taste; and filled with such various, original, and valuable matter as shall render the volumes, when bound up, worthy a place in the Family or School Library. ... ONE OF THE LEADING OBJECTS OF THE WORK will be to point out and illustrate by practical examples the PROPER METHODS OF SELF-INSTRUCTION in the various departments of Literature and Art, to suggest appropriate departments of study and inquiry, to prescribe courses of Reading, and to indicate the progress which may be made in the Sciences, so far as the limits of the work will allow. ... Arrangements have been made for receiving, and the publisher is now in the actual receipt of periodical publications of a similar design with that of THE YOUNG PEOPLE'S BOOK, From France, Germany, and other Parts of the Continent of Europe. From these publications, and from the choicest parts of foreign educational literature in its various departments, translations will be made of such articles as will serve to promote the main design of the work.... The preservation, however, of A TRULY NATIONAL SPIRIT; The inculcation of the duties which every American scholar owes to his country, and the exhibition of the capabilities of our EARLY HISTORY, OUR TRADITIONS, OUR CUSTOMS AND SCENERY, For supplying all the materials of a copious and brilliant literature, will be constant objects of attention, and will form frequent topics of discussion, example, and illustration." [1 (Sept 1841): back cover]

• Introduction: "Many of you, our young readers, are now receiving instruction scholastically, as our authority has it--in the schools; many others of you, have left your instructors, and are just entering upon the active duties and cares of life. To all of you, SELF-INSTRUCTION is vitally important, as the great means of mental development and of happiness. One of our greatest and most important objects in the Young People's Book, is to point out to you or to supply you with the methods and instruments of SELF-INSTRUCTION. These are many and various--as numerous as the paths and pursuits of science, art, and literature. ... In order to induce you to pursue with us the pleasant ways of intellectual improvement, it is our fixed intention to render every article which we shall present to you as entertaining and interesting as we possibly can. ... We shall not deem it necessary to speak to you as mere children, to address you in exceedingly simple phraseology; ... but we shall endeavour to adhere to the style which we may safely commend by our example, to your adoption in your own compositions. ... We hope to travel with you, pleasantly and lovingly, over many wide fields--the fields, namely, of literature, science, and art...." [1 (Sept 1841): 9-10]

• By August 1842, the magazine was promoting itself as "THE CHEAPEST MAGAZINE IN THE WORLD. PRICE REDUCED." [1 (Aug 1842): back cover]

source of information: Sept-Dec 1841, Aug 1842 issues; Sept 1841-Aug 1842 volume

bibliography: Review. The Iris, or Literary Messenger 1 (September 1841): 529. online
• Notice. The New World 3 (11 Sept 1841): 173. online
• Notice. Ladies' Pearl 2 (May 1842): 462. online
• Notice. Brother Jonathan 1 (April 9, 1842): 409. online
• Review. Brother Jonathan 2 (June 4, 1842): 157. online
• Review. The New-York Mirror 20 (August 13, 1842): 263. online

Sunday School Advocate ; June 1841, 5 Oct 1841-31 Dec 1921

cover/masthead: 1843-1845 | 1847-1848 | 1849 | 1854-1855 | 1857 | 1859-1861 | 1864-July 1865 | Oct 1865-1869 | 1871 | early 1872 | late 1872

edited by: Daniel P. Kidder, 1845, 1847-1849, 1855
• Daniel Wise, 1857-1867

published: New York, NY: Lane & Tippett, 1845-1847; 1845, publisher at 200 Mulberry St.. New York, NY: Lane & Scott, 1848-1852. New York, NY: Carlton & Phillips, 1852-1856; publisher at 200 Mulberry St., 1855. New York, NY: Carlton & Porter, 1856-1867. New York, NY: Carlton & Lanahan, 1868-1872. New York, NY: Nelson & Phillips, 1872-1874. All for the Sunday School Union of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
• Cincinnati, OH: Swormstedt & Mitchell, 1845-1849; publisher at Main & 8th St. Cincinnati, OH: Swormstedt & Poe, 1854. Cincinnati, OH: Poe & Hitchcock, 1861. All for the Sunday School Union of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
• Pittsburgh, PA: J. L. Read, for the Sunday School Union of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1861.
• Chicago, IL: W. M. Doughty, for the Sunday School Union of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1861.
• Boston, MA: J. P. Magee, for the Sunday School Union of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1861.
• Philadelphia, PA: Higgins & Perkinpink, for the Sunday School Union of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1861.

frequency: 5 Oct 1841-3 Sept 1850, semimonthly; 1845: Tuesday
• Oct 1850-Sept 1852, monthly
• 16 Oct 1852-24 June 1854, biweekly
• 8 July 1854-23 May 1874, semimonthly: 2nd & 4th Saturday

description: 1843-1845, 1847-1849, 1855: 8 pp.; quarto; page size untrimmed, 13" h x 10" w; sent folded & untrimmed. Prices: 1 copy, 50¢/ year; 5 copies, $2/ year; 10 copies, $3/ year
• 1857-1861: 4 pp.; page size untrimmed, 14" h x 10.5" w; prices: 1-10 copies, 25¢/ year; 10 + copies, 10¢/ year; "All subscriptions to commence either with the first of October or the first of April." [16 (9 May 1857): 60]
• Oct 1864: 4 pp.; page size untrimmed, 14" h x 10.5" w; price: 40¢/ year
• 1865-1867: 4 pp.; page size untrimmed, 14" h x 10.5" w; price: 30¢/ year

relevant information: Methodist focus. Also referred to as the Sabbath School Advocate

• A specimen issue was available in June 1841: "We have received the specimen number of the Sunday School Advocate, published at the Methodist Book Concern, New York. This is a noble sheet of the kind, and will, we trust, be a powerful auxiliary in the cause of Sabbath schools." ["Sunday School Advocate." Sabbath School Messenger 5 (18 June 1841): p. 7.]

• Frances E. Willard, prominent in the temperance and women's rights movements, remembered reading "the little Sunday-school Advocate, so well known to Methodist Sunday-school children," as a child; she was born in 1839. (Willard, p. 7)

• Circulation: May 1842, 11,000 ["Sunday School Advocate." Sabbath School Messenger 5 (6 May 1842): 90] 1844-1845, 48,000, "increasing at the average rate of one hundred per day" ["Statistics."]; Feb 1846, 50,000, "perhaps unparalleled in the history of such publications" ["Messenger" 79]

• Subscribers' copies printed by 1 July 1845: 55,000. "Since the year 1845 commenced our average increase of new subscribers, daily, has exceeded ONE HUNDRED." ["Our Prospects." 4 (1 July 1845): 148]

absorbed: Sabbath School Messenger (July 1837-16 April 1846) • Good News ; 1856-1875 (absorbed in April 1875)

continued by: Portal ; Target

source of information: 1843-1845, 1847-1849, 1855-1868, 1871, scattered issues; Sabbath School Messenger; AAS catalog; OCLC

bibliography: "Sunday School Advocate." Sabbath School Messenger 5 (18 June 1841): 7.
• "Sunday School Advocate." Sabbath School Messenger 5 (6 May 1842): 90.
• Notice. Sabbath School Messenger 9 (1 May 1845): 2.
• "Statistics of the Methodist Sabbath School Union, 1844-1845." Sabbath School Messenger 9 (5 June 1845): 11.
• "The Messenger." Sabbath School Messenger 9 (19 Feb 1846): 79-80.
• Frances E. Willard. Glimpses of Fifty Years. Chicago, IL: H. J. Smith & Co., 1889. Reproduced New York, NY: Source Book Press, 1970.

Juvenile Repository ; 1842-1845

published: New York, NY

source of information: Kelly

bibliography: Children's Periodicals of the United States, ed. R. Gordon Kelly. Westport, CT & London, England: Greenwood Press, 1984.

Youth's Temperance Enterprise ; 1842-1844

published: Albany, NY: Executive Committee of the New York State Youth's Temperance Society, 1842-1844.

frequency: monthly

description: Page size, 9.75" h

source of information: OCLC

The Child's World ; 1842-1871

cover/masthead: 1864 | 1865 | 1866 | Jan-April 1868 | Sept 1868-Feb 1869, 1871

edited by: 1868-1869, 1871, Richard Newton

published: Philadelphia, PA: American Sunday School Union; publisher at 1122 Chestnut St. • New York, NY: American Sunday-School Union; 1864-1869, publisher at 599 Broadway; 1871, publisher at 10 Bible House, Astor Place.

frequency: monthly & semimonthly editions; 1 vol/ year

description: 1864-1871: 8 pp.; page size, 13" h x 9.5" w. Prices: monthly ed., 10 copies, $1.20/ year; 20 copies, $2.40/ year; 50 copies, $6/ year; 75 copies, $9/ year; 100 copies, $12/ year. Semimonthly ed., 10 copies, $2.40/ year; 20 copies, $4.80/ year; 50 copies, $12/ year; 75 copies, $18/ year; 100 copies, $24/ year
• A new series of the periodical began in 1862; a March 1862 issue is vol 1 #5 of the new series. Both the old and new volume numbers were printed on the masthead.
• Each issue of the semimonthly edition is dated only with month and year; thus, vol 23 #17 and vol 23 #18 are both dated Sept 1866.

• In 1867, the masthead was changed: "On the first of the year 1867, we shall present the readers of THE CHILD'S WORLD with a very attractive sheet. We have had a new head engraved on purpose for it, and a new fount [sic] of type will be used for printing it...." [23 #14 (Dec 1866): 3]

relevant quote: At the end of 1864, the editor pointed out, "It is now twenty-two years since we began to publish a paper for children and youth. Since that time a great many such papers have been started, and some of them continue to this day. We are very glad that so many people are at work to please the taste and improve the minds of our young friends. Those who read the early volumes of our paper, are now men and women grown up, with children of their own to care for...." [21 #24 (Dec 1864): 4]

source of information: 1864-1869, 1871, scattered issues in bound vol; AAS catalog; OCLC

Every Youth's Gazette (also Youth's Gazette; Peter Parley's Youth's Gazette) ; 22 Jan-31 Dec 1842

cover/masthead: 1842

edited by: "Grandfather Felix"

published: New York, NY: J. Winchester; publisher at 30 Ann St.

frequency: 22 & 29 Jan, weekly • 26 Feb-17 Dec, biweekly • 24-31 Dec, weekly

description: 22 Jan-5 Feb, 8 pp.; quarto; page size, 12" h x 9" w
• 26 Feb-31 Dec, 16 pp.; quarto

• Price, 1 copy, $2/ year; 2 copies, $3/ year, "in notes of all solvent and specie-paying Banks in the United States and Canada, payable always in advance" • A few advertisements declared at the top that the Gazette was "ONLY ONE DOLLAR," though the price was listed as $2 in the advertisement itself. [1 (26 Feb 1842): 50]

• An advertisement for 1843 announced that the price would be lowered: 1 copy, $1.50/ year; 5 copies, $5. [1 (24 Dec 1842): 402]

• 22 Jan 1842 begins with page 3 • 28 issues total

relevant information: In its first prospectus, the periodical was called Peter Parley's Youth's Gazette; in fact, the masthead shows an old man looking very much like Peter Parley (though without Peter's trademark small clothes), chatting with children. The editor made some caustic comments in his introduction, charging "Parley" with conduct unbecoming a literary gentleman: "I am told by respectable persons that he did not write many of the works that bear his name. ... I do not much regret Peter's withdrawal from the Gazette; because I should have had all the labor, and he would have won all the credit." ["Grandfather Felix to His Young Readers." 1 (22 Jan 1842): 7] The editorial tone is less surprising when coupled with the fact that the publisher--J. Winchester--also published The New World ("The largest and cheapest family newspaper in America"), edited by Park Benjamin, who was a harsh critic of Parley's creator, Samuel Griswold Goodrich.

relevant quotes:
• Introduction: "I do not now, for the first time, discharge the pleasant duty of writing for the young. I am the author of many small volumes, that were great favorites in their time--yes, as great as those of my respected old friend, Peter Parley. Peter has frequently asked and obtained my assistance in the composition of his various stories. I am told by respectable persons that he did not write many of the works that bear his name. ... I asked Peter, for the sake of our early friendship, to let me call the Youth's Gazette after him, and to be one of its editors; at first he consented, but afterward changed his mind, because, as he had said, he had already taken his farewell of his youthful readers, and did not mean to write any more.... I do not much regret Peter's withdrawal from the Gazette; because I should have had all the labor, and he would have won all the credit. It will now be quite as good, as if it were supposed to be his--and, I rather think, better; for I shall strive to win for myself ... 'golden opinions from all sorts of people.'" ["Grandfather Felix to His Young Readers." 1 (22 Jan 1842): 7] Samuel Griswold Goodrich, creator of "Peter Parley," beset by plagiarists, in fact "killed off" the character in 1839, in Peter Parley's Farewell.

• In the first issue, the editorial tone was a combination of boast and diffidence: "Some time must elapse before a new journal like this can be generally known. So many unworthy publications of the kind have appeared, that the public have reason to be doubtful of any new enterprise. No doubt, however, need be entertained with regard to the firm establishment of the Youth's Gazette. Arrangements have been made to continue it for a year at least, and such has been the encouragement, with which it has already been received, that our friends need not fear that it will be always published. Efforts will be made to engage the best writers for the young, both in this country and abroad. Orders were sent to England in December last, to a bookseller there, to forward all the new books for the young that were good, and from these the very best will be selected for publication. ... I respectfully request all good people, who are interested in the welfare of the young, to do all in their power to promote the circulation of 'Every Youth's Gazette.' I ask all who hold the pen of ready writers, to send us articles of a kind suitable for youth. I want teachers of youth to take it under their patronage and favor me with their suggestions concerning the manner in which it ought to be conducted. I solicit the clergy to lend their aid in making it a medium for the inculcation of religious and moral duties. I entreat fathers and mother to place it in the hands of their children, and thus inspire them, at a tender age, with a desire for knowledge and a love of literature." [1 (22 Jan 1842): 7]

• That Every Youth's Gazette was the publication described in its prospectus remained the subject of puzzlement for a handful of issues: "There are some persons who do not seem to understand that 'Every Youth's Gazette' is precisely the same paper that 'Peter Parley's Youth's Gazette' would have been, had not the design of publishing it under that title been given up. It was considered that the matter was clearly enough explained in the first number; but it seems that it was not--for letters of inquiry have been received. To these, the following clear and explicit reply is now given. The present journal differs in no respect whatsoever from that which was at first proposed, except in name. It is edited precisely in the way that it would have been had the name of Peter Parley been used. Readers who are so unreasonable as to object to a mere change of name, should remember the truth couched in the lines of Shakspere: 'That which we call a rose/ By any other name would smell as sweet.'" [1 (26 Feb 1842): 43]

• About the illustration in the masthead: "It was designed by that delightful artist, Chapman, and it was engraved by one scarcely inferior, Adams." ["Grandfather Felix to His Young Readers." 1 (22 Jan 1842): 7]

• Like most periodicals of the time, the Gazette wasn't shy about filling its pages with pieces from other periodicals; the first issue was no different: "I am indebted to a number of the Juvenile Miscellany, published sixteen years ago, for some of the articles in this number. The Miscellany was very popular with all young folks in its day; but, as its readers have since grown up to be men and women, the present generation will find them as new as if it had now appeared for the first time." [1 (22 Jan 1842): 7]

• Beginning with the issue for 26 Feb 1842, the paper's frequency and size changed: "After the present week [12 Feb], 'Every Youth's Gazette' will appear once a fortnight, instead of once a week, as heretofore. Each number will contain sixteen pages instead of eight. Instead of being printed with Brevier type, which is too small to be pleasing to children, it will be printed with a new and handsome Bourgeois, which is larger and better adapted to a juvenile publication. The lines, instead of being placed closely together, will generally be set a little apart, leaded, as the printers say.... This will give each an open, elegant aspect, more like a book, and less like a newspaper. These changes, with regard to frequency of publication and the size of type, were determined upon in accordance with the advice of my respected friend, Mrs. L. H. Sigourney. ... As 'Every Youth's Gazette' is not a journal in which the latest news is published, it will be quite as agreeable to receive it once a fortnight as once a week." ["To Subscribers." 1 (12 Feb 1842): 31]

source of information: 22 Jan 1842 issue; APS II reel 606; Dechert; Lyon; AAS catalog

available: APS II (1800-1850), reel 606

bibliography: Dorothy Dechert. "The Merry Family: A Study of Merry's Museum, 1841-1872, and of the Various Periodicals that Merged with It." MA thesis. Columbia University, 1942.
• Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 168-172.
• John B. Crume. "Children's Magazines, 1826-1857." Journal of Popular Culture 7 (1973): 698-706.

Wreath ; 2 March 1842-1843

edited by: Mrs. C. L. Adams

published: Portland, ME: Brown Thurston.

frequency: weekly

description: Page size, 15.25" h

source of information: AAS catalog

The Youth's Emancipator ; May 1842, Aug 1842-Mar 1843

edited by: May-Nov 1842, J. H. Livingston; John Giles Jennings
• Dec 1842-Jan 1843, J. H. Livingston
• Feb-March 1843, John Giles Jennings

published: Oberlin, OH: Executive Committee of the Oberlin Youth's Anti-Slavery Society, May 1842-Jan 1843.
• Oberlin, OH: n.p., Feb-March 1843.

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: 4 pp.; octavo; price, 25¢/ year

source of information: OCLC; Kelly

bibliography: Children's Periodicals of the United States, ed. R. Gordon Kelly. Westport, CT & London, England: Greenwood Press, 1984.

Boys' and Girls' Literary Bouquet ; Nov 1842-1844 • Boys' and Girls' Monthly Bouquet ; Jan 1845 • Boys' and Girls' Bouquet ; Feb-June 1845

edited by: March 1844, Philip Pleasant

published: New York, NY: Aaron F. Cox, Jan 1843-1844.
• Philadelphia, PA: A. F. Cox, 1844; publisher at 88 N. 6th St., 1844; printed by Barrett & Jones, 1844; printer at 33 Carter's Alley, 1844. Philadelphia, PA: Cox & Catlin, Jan-June 1845; publisher at 34 Carter's Alley.

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: Page size, 7" h; price, 50¢/ year.

relevant quote: "A notice of its discontinuance by Mr. Catlin was found in another Philadelphia magazine of the same period, The Satchel which was a new venture of Mr. Cox's. Mr Catlin gave as his reason, that the low cost of fifty cents a year was not sufficient to maintain the magazine, so he decided to give it up." (Lyon; p. 177)

source of information: Lyon; AAS catalog; OCLC; Maxwell; NUC

bibliography: Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 175-177.
• Checklist of Children's Books, 1837-1876, comp. Barbara Maxwell. Philadelphia, PA: Special Collections, Central Children's Department, Free Library of Philadelphia, 1975.

The Wreath ; 1 Nov 1842-1 June 1843

edited by: W. T. O. Dalton

published: Boston, MA: Dalton, Brown & Campbell

frequency: semimonthly

description: Page size, 6.5" h • Amateur periodical

source of information: AAS catalog

Jugend-Zeitung (Young people's newspaper); 1843-1845

edited by: Carl Weitershausen

published: Pittsburgh, PA: Carl Weitershausen. Printed by J. G. Backofen

frequency: biweekly

description: 4 pp.; quarto • German-language periodical

source of information: Arndt; Fraser

bibliography: Karl J. R. Arndt & May E. Olson. German-American Newspapers and Periodicals: 1732-1955. Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer Publishers, 1961.
• Sybille Fraser. "German Language Children's and Youth Periodicals in North America: A Checklist." Phaedrus 6 (Spring 1979): 27-31.

The Juvenile Wesleyan ; 1843-1852?

edited by: 1843-1846, O. Scott
• 1843-1844, L. C. Matlack
• 1849-1850, Luther Lee

published: Boston, MA: John B. Hall, 1843.
• New York, NY: O. Scott, 1846. New York, NY: Lucius Matlack, 1849-1852.
All for the Wesleyan Methodist Connection

frequency: semimonthly

description: 16 Sept 1843 is vol 1 #2

source of information: AAS catalog; OCLC

bibliography: Notice. Sabbath School Messenger 8 (20 June 1844): p. 15. online
• Notice. Sabbath School Messenger 9 (1 May 1845): p. 2. online

The Youth's Gazette ; 1843-?

published: Chicago, IL: K. K. Jones

frequency: weekly

description: Page size, 11.25" h • 3 June 1843 is vol 1 #2

source of information: OCLC

Youth's Guide and Star ; 1843

cover/masthead?: 1843

edited by: Edward N. Harris

published: Boston, MA: Edward N. Harris, 1843; Harris at 14 Devonshire St. Printed by "Dow & Jackson's Power Press," 14 Devonshire St. (20 May 1843)

description: 16 pp.; page size untrimmed, 10" h x 6" w. Price, 1 copy, $1/ year; 10 copies, $6/ year; 20 copies, 62½¢/ copy; 40 copies, 50¢/ copy; "No subscription taken for less than one year. When the pay is not in advance, we must add 20 per cent, because it will make that difference to us in issuing the work." (20 May 1843; p. 48)

• 20 May 1843 is vol 1 #3

• Youth's Guide and Star may be the running title of a periodical with another cover title.

source of information: 20 May 1843 issue

Boys' and Girls' Magazine ; Jan-Dec 1843 • Boys' & Girls' Monthly Library ; Jan 1844-?

cover/masthead: 1843

edited by: 1843, Mrs. Samuel Colman

published: Boston, MA: T. Harrington Carter & Co., 1843-1844; publisher at 118 1/2 Washington St., 1843

frequency: monthly; 3 vol/ year

description: 1843: 36 pp.; page size, 6.5" h x 5" w; price, $1.25/ year.

relevant quote: Plans for 1844: "[W]e propose, for the new year to commence with January, 1844, to reduce the price of the work to one dollar, trusting thereby to meet the wishes of a much larger number throughout the whole country." [3 (Dec 1843)]

relevant information: Published works by Catherine Sedgwick and James T. Fields; also published "Little Daffydowndilly," by Nathaniel Hawthorne (Aug 1843: 264-269).

source of information: May-Dec 1843 bound vols; Lyon; AAS

bibliography: Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 173-174.

New Church Magazine for Children ; Jan 1843-June 1844, Jan 1846-June 1862 • The Children's New-Church Magazine ; July 1862-June 1867, Jan 1868-1891?)

published: Boston, MA: Otis Clapp, 1843-1859.
• Boston, MA: T. H. Carter & Co., 1862-1867.
• Boston, MA: T. H. Carter & Sons, 1868.
• New York, NY: General Convention of the New Church, 1868-1870.

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: 1847-1859: 32 pp.; page size, 6.5" h x 4" w
• No issues for July 1844-Dec 1845, July-Dec 1867
• 1869: price, $1.75/ year
• General Church of the New Jerusalem focus

source of information: 1847-1859, scattered issues in bound vol; 15 Nov 1869 The Little Messenger; AAS catalog; OCLC; NUC

available: excerpt in Lessons of War: The Civil War in Children's Magazines, ed. James Marten. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1998.

bibliography: Advertisement. The Little Messenger. 2 (15 Nov 1869): 28.
• Lessons of War: The Civil War in Children's Magazines, ed. James Marten. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1998.

Youth's Penny Gazette ; 11 Jan 1843-Jan 1859

cover/masthead: 1845 | 1846-1847 | 1848 | 1849-24 Nov 1852 | 5 Jan 1853-17 Dec 1856 | 7 Jan 1857-22 Dec 1858

published: Philadelphia, PA: American Sunday School Union, 11 Jan 1843-1859; at 146 Chestnut St., 7 Jan 1852-23 Nov 1853; at 316 Chestnut St., 7 Dec 1853-13 May 1857; at 1122 Chestnut St., 27 May 1857-22 Dec 1858.
• New York, NY: American Sunday-School Union, 7 Jan 1852-22 Dec 1858; at 147 Nassau St., 7 Jan 1852-4 June 1856; at 59 Chambers St., 18 June 1856-18 March 1857; at 375 Broadway, 1 April 1857-22 Dec 1858.
• Boston, MA: American Sunday-School Union, 7 Jan 1852-9 June 1858; at 9 Cornhill.

frequency: biweekly

description: 1 Jan 1845-22 Dec 1847, 7 Jan 1852-22 Dec 1858: 4 pp.; page size, 12.5" h x 9.5" w
• Price: 1 Jan 1845-22 Dec 1847, 7 Jan 1852-7 Dec 1853: 1 copy, 25¢/ year; 40 copies, $5/ year. 18 Jan 1854-2 Dec 1858: 20 copies, $3/50/ year; 40 copies, $5/ year; 100 copies, $10/ year

relevant quote: 1846's new illustration at the top of the paper's first page was the occasion of some ferocious punning: "People sometimes say of a very shrewd, wise man that he has "an old head." They say of a youth, who is not properly corrected by his parents or guardians, "he has his own head," that is, he does as he likes. To say that a man's "head is turned," is to say t hat he has gone crazy. And if three or more "lay their heads together" for some unlawful end, they are called conspirators. We may add that there is a head to a pin, to a nail, to a class, to a company, and to a nation, as well as to the Youth's Penny Gazette. Now, though we have put a "new head" to our paper, we have "old heads" to see that each number is properly filled up. There is a committee to look to it, that the Editor does not "have his own head," except so far as he goes right. Nothing is likely to appear, therefore, which will turn "any boy's head," by its error or folly. And we are all pledged "to lay our heads together" for the pleasure and profit of our readers, and not for any evil end. In pursuing this course we need not care "a pin's head" for opposition or competition. Our aim must be "to hit the nail on the head," by saying just the right thing at just the right time. Such care will give us the head of this class of newspapers. It will place us, as we trust, at the head of a great company of children and youth, who may safely follow where we lead, and thus we may be able to show to the head of the nation a great multitude of orderly, industrious, intelligent and virtuous citizens, who shall fear God and keep his commandments." ["Our New Head." 4 (7 Jan 1846): 2.]

• The new head for 1846 was intended as allegory: "In [the Jan 7] number we called the attention of our readers to our new and beautiful head or title. We now wish them to notice particularly the lesson which the ornamental devices are intended to teach. It presents human life in four stages. At first we see the mother and her two little children, one in the cradle and the other learning from an alphabet card. Soon the two nurslings become school-children, with a globe and other implements of study. By and by parents come forward training their children up in the ways of truth and wisdom, and soon the scene closes, and old age seeks its resting place in the grave. Our life is but a vapour, that appeareth for a little time and then vanisheth away!" ["Our New Head." 2 (21 Jan 1846): 6.]

relevant information: Perhaps the work cataloged as Youth's Sunday School Gazette; Philadelphia, PA: American Sunday School Union, 1843-?; listed in OCLC

source of information: 1845-1847, 1852-1858 vol; AAS catalog; OCLC

The Child's Friend ; Oct 1843-before 1853 • The Child's Friend and Youth's Magazine ; in 1853 • The Child's Friend and Family Magazine ; 1856-Oct 1858

cover/masthead: 1853 | 1858

edited by: 1843-1850, Eliza L. Follen • 1851-1858, Anne Wales Abbot

published: Boston, MA: Leonard C. Bowles, Oct 1843-1857?; Bowles at 11 Washington St., 1853
• Cambridge, MA: Anne Wales Abbot, July-Nov 1857. • Cambridge, MA: John Bartlett, Dec 1857-Oct 1858.

frequency: monthly; 2 vol/ year

description: 36 pp.; octavo • 1858: 48 pp; page size, 7.5" h x 5" w
• Price: 1853, $1.50/ year; 1856, $2/ year; 1858, 1 copy, $2/ year; 3 copies, $5/ year; 10 copies, $15/ year
• Subscribers, from magazine: Oct 1857: 400

relevant quotes: Introduction: "We call ourselves the Child's Friend; how shall we prove ourselves worthy of the name?--Jesus was a friend of children; how did he show his love for them? He desired his disciples to allow little children to come to him, he took them in his arms and blessed them. ... We say then to children, come to us, you shall find love, you shall find instruction in our pages; come with that simplicity and innocency of heart with which your Creator sent you into his beautiful world." ["To Children." 1 (Oct 1843): 1-2]

• Abbot was publisher from July to Dec 1857: "[The editor] is assured by urgent messages from different quarters that its readers, some of them at least, are its warm friends, and would be sorry that it should be sacrificed on account of a temporary derangement of its finances. Help from able pens has been promised, and the Editor has determined to carry on the work to the end of the present year at her own risk, in the hope of saving it. She has therefore purchased the subscription list, or, as it is technically termed, the good-will, and is now the Editor, Publisher, and Proprietor of the concern, the latter term signifying, at present, only the responsibility of paying its bills and the privilege of directing its affairs. A principal reason why it seems to her worth while to make this effort, is that the subscribers, with less than forty expections, had paid in advance, and most of them to the end of the year 1857. That each could receive back his dollar, by taking the trouble to apply for it, would not console the children for their disappointment. That some other publication, not of their own choice, and perhaps not to their liking, would be sent to close the year, would not be much more satisfactory to old subscribers. ... Although, from its not being kept in the public view by advertising, or other means, its continued existence has been known only to a few, those are mostly its old, substantial friends. They are numerous enough, even now, to sustain it under careful management; therefore, if it survives its present embarrassment, it will go on next year with a surplus, instead of a deficit. The Editor will require nothing for her services but the pleasure of continuing her pleasant relations with the young readers, and keeping their old Friend alive and useful. The profits are to be devoted to the aid of indigent and friendless children." [29 (July 1857): 47-48]

• Abbot as editor: "To supply a young family with reading of a healthful quality requires more judicious care than formerly, when there were fewer books. The Child's Friend has an established character, which the present Editor will humbly endeavor to maintain, so that a parent may always put it into his child's hand with confidence, before he has read it himself. It will aim to instil religious ideas, not of a doctrinal or sectarian cast, to cultivate a pure and high moral taste, to convey information, and to develop social and benevolent affections. The subscriber [Anne W. Abbot] has purchased the subscription list, in order to carry on the Magazine, which was about to be discontinued. Her own services will be gratuitous, and those of the publisher and contributors also; and the profits will be devoted to the relief of indigent and neglected children. She solicits subscribers and literary contributions for this object, and trusts that she shall find so much favor with the public as to give permanent success to her effort." [31 (Aug 1858): inside front cover]

• In late 1857, Abbot planned to give the profits of the magazine to the Children's Mission to the Children of the Destitute: "This is a society supported by the contributions of children, and its object is not merely to rescue exposed children from vice, ignorance, and degradation, but to foster the spirit of Christian benevolence in the minds of the young who are growing up in more fortunate circumstances. ... 'The Children's Friend' may with peculiar propriety be devoted to such an object as this, and the editor has sought an interview with Mr. Fearing, the President, with the intention of making it the property of the Mission, on condition that the publishing work, as well as the editing, should be done without charge, leaving the whole surplus over the bills for printing and paper for the charity. There are now four hundred subscribers, and the surplus cannot be far from a hundred and fifty dollars, making no allowance for loss, by some falling off or failing to pay. The state of the times making the continuance or increase of subscribers unusually uncertain, it is thought best that the transfer shall not take place until January, when the bills for 1858 will be sent out, and the prospect will be rendered more definite. ... [E]very new subscriber will be a subscriber of two dollars a year to the Children's Mission." [29 (Oct 1857): 238-240]

• The economic panic of 1857 made publishing precarious, and as publisher, Abbot made a better editor; her relief when John Bartlett took over was palpable: "Through the disinterested kindness of a friend, the Editor is enabled to withdraw from the troublesome office of Publisher. She will retain the ownership of The Child's Friend for the year to come, as the times render all calculations of profit uncertain, and a possible loss ought not to fall upon the funds of the Children's Mission. ... [John Bartlett's] services as publisher are gratuitous. The subscribers and the Editor have reason for mutual gratulation that the management of the business affairs have passed into abler hands than hers. Those subscribers who, through her ignorance of post-office regulations, received duplicates of the last number, are requested to lend, or give them, with a view to making the work known, and if any person failed to receive a copy, he can obtain one on application to Mr. Bartlett." [29 (Dec 1857): 288]

• Abbot kept the magazine's economic difficulties before her readers, describing a fictional reader who grew up reading it: "See him at his study-table, with one hand buried in his hair, which no longer flows abroad in bushy curls. He knows that the Friend of his boyhood is about to expire, in the midst of its days, from neglect. He is not too busy to give it a thought, and he has not become so learned as to despise it. He remembers the day of small things; he feels that he owes it a debt of gratitude for some good seeds sown, and for some quiet and pleasant hours in those days, when every hour had its share in his mental and moral growth. He shuts his lexicon, or perhaps makes it his desk, and the next mail carries to the disheartened Editor a contribution from his graceful pen, and an encouraging letter, with a promise of future aid." [30 (Jan 1858): 2-3]

• By July 1858, it was evident that the magazine would fail: "We entered on this year with a list which seemed to promise security from loss, and a small overplus for the Children's Mission. But in a time of panic like last winter, the first measure of economy, with many, is to cut off papers and periodicals. They fell like dead leaves, and the Child's Friend suffered in common with those who could better afford it. By the publisher's account for the half-year, it appears that our resources, when all called in, will not last beyond October, with the most careful management. So it was necessary for the Editor to decide whether to go on, and pay for November and December, or to sell the list of subscribers to some other Magazine. Far be it from us, this customary resort in such cases, (sending to those who have paid punctually something which they did not bargain for, or prefer,) though it is often a means of making money, instead of losing it. Our best subscribers, who have sustained the Magazine to a good old age, shall not have occasion to consider themselves sold. The respectable old Juvenile shall die honorably with the year, deserving the regret of its friends." [31 (July 1858): 48]

• The August 1858 issue included no advertising (paid or otherwise) at all.

• The last issue did not include the remaining chapters of a story being serialized in 1858; though Abbot deleted a scene, the segment ended on what had to be a frustrating cliff-hanger: "As some of our readers are much interested in 'Uneika,' we carry on the story as far as we can in our closing number, by omitting a portion containing a conversation between Uneika and the missionary...." [31 (Oct 1858): 254]

source of information: April 1853 issue; Aug 1858 issue; Oct 1843-Sept 1847, 1849, 1857 bound volumes; APS II reels 509-512; Lyon; Kelly

available: APS II (1800-1850), reel 509-512

bibliography: "To Subscribers." Child's Friend. 29 (July 1857): 47-48.
• "The Children's Mission to the Children of the Destitute." Child's Friend. 29 (Oct 1857): 238-240.
• "A New Year's Greeting." Child's Friend. 30 (Jan 1858): 1-3.
• Mabel F. Altstetter. "Early American Magazines for Children." Peabody Journal of Education 19 (Nov 1941); p. 132.
• Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 178-182.
• Jill Delano Sweiger. "Conceptions of Children in American Juvenile Periodicals: 1830-1870." PhD diss. Rutgers University, 1977.
• Children's Periodicals of the United States, ed. R. Gordon Kelly. Westport, CT & London, England: Greenwood Press, 1984.

Juvenile Instructor ; 1844?-after 5 March 1856

published: Syracuse, NY: Lucius C. Matlock.

frequency: biweekly; 1 vol/ year?

description: Page size, 11.25" h • 19 Jan 1850 is vol 10, #212; 5 March 1856 is vol 12, #267

source of information: AAS catalog; OCLC

The Young Reaper ; Jan 1844-1856?

edited by: 1844-1851, H. S. Washburn • 1854-1855, Alfred Colburn

published: Boston, MA: New England Sunday School Union, 1844-1853.
• Boston, MA: Heath & Graves, 1854-1855.

frequency: monthly

description: Page size, 11.75" h

apparently continued by: Young Reaper • The Young Reaper (Jan 1857-1908?)

source of information: AAS catalog

The Well-spring (also The Wellspring for Young People) ; 5 Jan 1844-1876 • The Well-spring and Missionary Echoes ; 1877-1881 • The Wellspring ; 1928

cover/masthead: 1845 | 1852, 1854 | 1857 | 1865-1867, 1869

edited by: 1844-1869, Asa Bullard

published: Boston, MA: Massachusetts Sabbath School Society, 5 Jan 1844-1866; 1852-1869, publisher at 13 Cornhill.
• Boston, MA: Congregatonal Sabbath-School and Publishing Society, 1869; publisher at 13 Cornhill.
• Boston, MA: Congregational Publishing Society, 1877-1881.
• Chicago, IL: Congregational Publishing Society, 1928.

frequency: weekly

description: 1845, 1852-1857: 4 pp.; page size, 13" h x 9.5" w; prices: 1 copy, 35¢/ year; 3 copies, $1/ year; 10 copies, $3/ year; 20+ copies, 25 ¢ each/ year

• 1865-1867: 4 pp.; page size, 13" h x 9.5" w; prices: 1 copy, 50¢/ year; 20 copies, $12/ year

• 1869: 4 pp.; page size untrimmed, 15.5" h x 10.75" w; prices: 1 copy, 60¢/ year; 20 copies, $12/ year

relevant quotes: The Well-spring was intended for children who had read The Sabbath School Visiter, which had been published for adults and for children: "The Managers of the Mass. S. S. Society ... [b]elieving that its influence, so far as now exerted, through The Sabbath School Visiter, is greatly abridged by the attempt to adapt that periodical to the wants of both children and adults, ... propose to publish ... TWO periodicals, to be devoted, one to each of these classes respectively." The publication for adults was The Congregational Visiter. [Sabbath School Visiter 11 (Oct 1843): 239]

• From the prospectus: "Inasmuch as every juvenile periodical is, and will be perused, to a greater or less extent, on the Sabbath, it is intended that The Well-Spring, like the publications of the Society in general, shall contain nothing unsuitable to be read on that Holy Day. Still, no labor will be spared to render it a paper that shall please and interest, as well as profit the young. An extensive correspondence with Missionaries at the West, and among the heaten, will help to enrich its columns." [Sabbath School Visiter 11 (Oct 1843): 240]

continues: The Sabbath School Visiter (1833-1843)

source of information: 1845, 1852, 1854, 1857, 1865-1869 scattered issues; Visiter; Sabbath School Visiter; OCLC

bibliography: "Periodicals of the Massachusetts Sabbath School Society." The Sabbath School Visiter 11 (Oct 1843): 239-240.
• Notice. Sabbath School Messenger 8 (20 June 1844): 15.

The Bee ; 9 March 1844-22 April 1845

edited by: William August Munsell (8 years old in 1844)

published: Albany, NY: William August Munsell.

frequency: irregular

description: 4 pp.; page size, 9.5" h • Nine issues
• Amateur publication
• Commended by Samuel Griswold Goodrich; magazine reprints a letter from him to Munsell
• According to Lyon, the publication ceased because the editor "came down with whooping cough." [p. 138]

source of information: Lyon; OCLC

bibliography: Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 138.

Uncle Ezekiel's Youth's Cabinet ; May 1844-15 March 1846?

cover/masthead: 1845

edited by: "Ezekiel Loveyouth" [Joseph F. Witherell]

published: Concord, NH: J. F. Witherell.
• Concord, NH: Witherell & Lowell, 1845. (1 May & 15 May 1845)

frequency: monthly; semimonthly • 1845, 1st & 15th of each month

description: 1845: 8 pp.; page size untrimmed, 9" h x 6" w; prices: 1 copy, 25¢ 5 copies, $1; 11 copies, $2; 18 copies, $3; "The money in all cases to accompany the order."

• Witherell used the vignette of reading children which appeared in the Cabinet's masthead to illustrate the "Youth's Department" in The Gem and Literary Gazette (Dexter ME) in 1857.

relevant information: Witherell moved to Dexter, Maine, around 1850, where he set up a printing business and published The Gem and Literary Gazette for adults and Youth's Cabinet and Little Joker (April 1857-after June 1857) for children.

• Pieces from the original Cabinet probably were collected and reprinted as a 92-page book titled The Youth's Cabinet around 1857; the book was a premium sent to subscribers to Youth's Cabinet and Little Joker.

source of information: 1 May issue; 15 May issue; scrapbook & vertical file articles, & pieces in The Gem and Literary Gazette, all at the Dexter Historical Society, Dexter, Maine; AAS catalog

Little Truth-Teller: A New-Church Magazine for Children ; 1845-1852

published: Philadelphia, PA: J. H. Jones.
• Philadelphia, PA: Barrett & Jones, 1847.

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: Page size, 6.25" h
• Jan 1847 is vol 2 #2

source of information: AAS catalog; OCLC

The Child's Companion and Youth's Friend ; Jan 1845-after 1870

published: Philadelphia, PA: American Sunday School Union.

frequency: monthly

description: 1848: 32 pp.; page size, 5.75" h x 3.5" w

source of information: 1848 bound vol; OCLC; AAS catalog

The Monthly Rose ; Jan-Dec 1845

published: Albany, NY: E. H. Pease & W. C. Little, Jan-Dec 1845.

frequency: monthly

description: Page size, 9.75" h • Published by "the present and former members of the Albany Female Academy."

source of information: OCLC

The Penny Library for School Children ; 1 April-3 June 1845

edited by: William B. Fowle

published: Boston, MA: Asa Fitz

frequency: weekly

description: Page size, 6.25" h • Sold at the bookstore of Fowle and Capen

source of information: OCLC; AAS catalog

The Myrtle ; 17 May 1845-31 Dec 1904

cover/masthead: 1859

edited by: 1853, Joseph Fullerton
• 1859, William Burr

published: Dover, NH: Free-will Baptist Printing Establishment, 17 May 1845-31 Dec 1904

frequency: 17 May 1845-1897, biweekly
• 1 Jan 1898-1904, weekly

description: 1859: 4 pp.; page size untrimmed, 13" h x 8.25" w. Price: 1 copy, 25¢/ year; 10 copies, 12½¢ each; 20 copies or more, 17¢ each

relevant information: Frances E. Willard, who became important in the temperance and women's rights movements, remembered reading this "pretty little juvenile paper" as a child; she was born in 1839. (Willard, p. 7)

source of information: 23 April 1859 issue; AAS catalog; OCLC

bibliography: Frances E. Willard. Glimpses of Fifty Years. Chicago, IL: H. J. Smith & Co., 1889. Reproduced New York, NY: Source Book Press, 1970.

The Monthly Rose (also The Monthly Rose, and Literary Cabinet); July 1845 • The Monthly Rose, and Otis School Cabinet ; Aug-Nov 1845 • The Monthly Rose, and School Cabinet ; Jan 1846 • The Monthly Rose, and Literary Cabinet ; Feb-Aug 1846, Nov 1846-Oct 1847 • The Monthly Rose ; Nov 1847-

edited by: July 1845-1849, Henry C. Shepard
• 1849, T. R. Shepard, jr.
• 1849-1850, William A. Clark
• 1850, "Frank Lovelace"; W. H. Hutchinson

published: Boston, MA: H. C. Shepard, July 1845, 1846.
• Boston, MA: Shepard & Hinds, Aug-Nov 1845.
• Boston, MA: Shepard, Hinds & Woodward, Feb 1846-Oct 1847.
• Boston, MA: Benjamin P. Lane, 1846-1848.
• Boston, MA: Brown, Lane & Co., 1847.
• Boston, MA: Joseph H. Brown, 1848.
• Boston, MA: Brown, Bishop & Co., 1848.
• Boston, MA: H. C. Bishop, jr., 1848.
• Boston, MA: W. A. Clark & Co., 1849.
• Boston, MA: Clark & Hutchinson, 1850.

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: July 1845-: page size, 7.5" h • No issues for Sept-Oct 1846

source of information: OCLC; AAS catalog

The Encourager ; 1846

edited by: Daniel P. Kidder

published: New York, NY: Carlton & Porter.

frequency: monthly

description: Page size, 5.75" h

relevant information: Methodist focus. • Eleanor Nolen notes that it "made a specialty of missionary stories." [p. 57]

perhaps continued by: The Sunday-Scholar's Mirror (1850?-1851?): "In our serial literature for children, it is found by experience to be well to change the titles occasionally, for the sake of variety and good effect. Thus the Encourager followed the Children's Magazine, the [Sunday-Scholar's] Mirror the Encourager, and now the Monitor succeeds the Mirror." [Youth's Monitor; p. 5]

source of information: Lyon; Nolen; Monitor; OCLC

bibliography: "Introduction." The Youth's Monitor 1 (Jan? 1851): p. 5-6.
• Eleanor Weakley Nolen. "Nineteenth Century Children's Magazines." The Horn Book Magazine. 15 (January/February 1939): 55-60.
• Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 139.

Youth's Monthly Visitor [also, Youth's Monthly Visiter] ; 1846

edited by: Margaret L. Bailey

published: Cincinnati, OH

description: Price: 25¢/ year

relevant information: The Visiter was published for almost three years; Bailey went on to establish another periodical in Washington, D. C.: "As this Prospectus [for The Friend of Youth] may reach many of the former friends and patrons of the "Youth's Monthly Visiter," a paper which we established and edited for nearly three years, at Cincinnati, we cannot forbear expressing the great pleasure it will give us to renew our former intercourse with them. The little children who then received the 'Visiter' as a welcome guest, are now almost grown up men and women. But they will perhaps find some little brother or sister or cousin to whom they may introduce us as an old friend." ["Prospectus of The Friend of Youth." The National Era. 4 Oct 1849: 158, col 1.]

relevant quote: The editor of The Harbinger--probably George Ripley--may have been one of Bailey's fans: "We had for some time been desirous to know more of the authoress of some beautiful little poems that have from time to time met our eye, and are happy to find her as the conductor of so excellent a work. The tone of the Monthly Visitor is pure and elevated; its original articles combine good taste and good sense; its selections are judicious and instructive, and, what is rare in a journal of a religious character, it is free from bigotry or narrowness without being monotonous and flat." (Harbinger)

source of information: Harbinger; National Era

bibliography: Notice. The Harbinger. 2 (April 11, 1846): 283. online
• "Prospectus of The Friend of Youth." The National Era. 4 Oct 1849: 158, col 1.

Young Churchman's Miscellany ; Jan 1846-Dec 1848

edited by: Jesse Ames Spence

published: New York, NY

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: Page size, 7.75" h

source of information: AAS catalog; OCLC

Young People's Magazine ; Jan-Dec 1846

cover/masthead: cover

edited by: Seba Smith

published: New York, NY: J. K. Wellman; publisher at 118 Nassau St.

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: 24 pp; page size untrimmed, 9.5" h x 6" w; price, $1/ year
• Circulation (from magazine): 4,000 (June 1846)
• A portrait of Seba Smith was included in the Sept 1846 issue

relevant quotes: Introduction: "The design of this work is to present a useful and interesting periodical to the youth of our country,--one that, while it shall amuse, shall also instruct and enlighten; and not merely instruct and enlighten, but elevate and purify. A work which shall do its share towards guiding the youth of our country in the path that will lead them to usefulness and respectability as citizens, and honor and happiness as men and Christians. With this general object in view, all suitable topics will be discussed, and the best material sought for, both original and selected, wherever it may be available. The world of fact and the world of fancy will both be explored, and their choicest treasure brought home and spread before our young readers. Without bias in party politics, the work will present clear and condensed views of political statistics, institutions, and men of the country; and without sectarianism, it will aim to present such matter as may be acceptable to any Christian family. Stories, Poetry, History, Biography, Science and Art, will all be made to contribute to our general design. Biographical notices of the distinguished men of our country and occasionally of other countries, both ancient and modern; American history; the history and statistics of the individual States, from Maine to Texas, and from the Europeans first landed upon these shores till the present times;--these are among the prominent sources from which our pages will be filled. And though this work is designed mainly for youth, it is intended that it shall be so conducted that the youth who takes it and preserves it, shall find it a pleasant and valuable companion in middle life or in old age." [1 (Jan 1846): 1]

available: excerpts online

source of information: Jan-May, July bound vol; Jan-Dec bound vol; Aug issue; AAS catalog

The Satchel ; Feb 1846-1847

published: Philadelphia, PA: Aaron F. Cox

frequency: semimonthly during school months; weekly during summer

description: 50¢/ year. • Circulation: Feb 1846 issue was reprinted twice in order to meet demand. March 1846, 3,000 or 3,500 copies; April 1846, another reprinting. May 1846: "About 16,800 copies of The Satchel have been disposed of although but five numbers of the work have been issued." [in Lyon; p. 191]

source of information: Lyon; AAS catalog

bibliography: Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 188-192.

Youth's Friend ; 6 March 1846-Nov 1857

edited by: "Friend Abel"

published: Cincinnati, OH: Universalist Sunday School. • Cincinnati, OH: Longley & Brother, 1853.

frequency: weekly; 1 vol/ year

description: Page size, 10.25" h. 1853, price: 50¢/ year

source of information: Gem; AAS catalog; OCLC

bibliography: Notice. The Western Gem 6 (June 1853): 22. online

The Golden Rule ; May 1846-

published: Groton, MA: Henry L. & George P. Brown.

frequency: monthly

description: Page size, 12.5" h

source of information: AAS catalog

The Student ; May 1846-April 1854 • The Student and Family Miscellany ; May 1854-Oct 1855

cover/masthead: 1849 | 1854

edited by: May 1846-Aug 1854, Norman A. Calkins • 1848-1850, J. S. Denman • 1849-1850, S. E. Paine

published: New York, NY: Denman, Calkins & Paine, 1849-1850.
• New York, NY: Fowler & Wells, 1850-Dec 1853.
• New York, NY: Norman A. Calkins, Jan 1854-Oct 1855; publisher at 131 Nassau St., Jan 1854; publisher at 348 Broadway, 15 April 1854-Aug 1854: "The office of The Student will be removed on the 15th of April to No. 348 Broadway, Room No. 10, over Appleton's Bookstore." [8 (April 1854): 185]

frequency: monthly; 2 vol/ year: volumes begin with May & Nov issues

description: May 1853-April 1854: 32 pp.; 8.75" h x 5.5" w; price, $1/ year

• 1850s: magazine used four different typefaces, in order to appeal to children, teenagers, and adults

relevant information: The Student's cover changed in May 1851: "Our New Title-Page.--It has already been seen that the cover appears with a new, beautiful, and attractive title-page; but we wish to call attention more particularly to its design. On one side is represented the family, a lovely group, attentively listening to the father, who is reading for their instruction, on the opposite side is a school scene during recess. In the foreground of this view, with a theodolite, is a lad making a practical application of the principles of Surveying, which he is learning at the school. Near him is another lad who has become interested in Geology and Mineralogy, and, with hammer in hand, is breaking in pieces the rock to obtain specimens for his cabinet. Near him is a girl who, having collected a handful of flowers, has seated herself to examine and analyze them; and in the distance are three smaller children taking exercize in various sports. The whole design is in harmony with and appropriately represents the character of the work." ["Our New Title-Page." The Student. 3 (May 1851): 29]

• In 1851, Fowler & Wells also published The American Phrenological Journal ("devoted to the Moral and Intellectual development of Man. Psychology, Magnetism, Physiognomy, and all that relates to Mind, may be found in this publication") and The Water-Cure Journal ("devoted to Hydropathy, Physiology, and the laws which govern life and health, including Dietetics, together with the philosophy and practice of Water-Cure"), both for adults. [advertisement. The National Era. 23 Oct 1851: 171, col 7]

• Circulation (from magazine): May 1854, 10,000

relevant quote: On absorbing The Flower-Basket: "The Flower-Basket, a monthly magazine for the young, formerly edited and published by the Rev. J. J. Buchanan, at Pittsburg, Pa. is now merged into The Student. There will be no change in The Student, from this union, but according to an arrangement between the publishers of the two works, those whose term of subscription for The Flower-Basket has not expired, will receive The Student in place of that work. ... The present widely extended circulation of The Student is a flattering testimonial of the favor with which it is received as a valuable family periodical, and of its increasing popularity among the friends of education and improvement." ["The Student and Flower-Basket United." The Student 4 (April 1852): 185]

absorbed: The Flower Basket (-April 1852) • The Student and Young Tutor ; Nov 1846-Sept 1848 • The Favourite Magazine of Instruction and Amusement for Boys and Girls (also The Favorite); April-Sept 1852

merged with: The Schoolmate (Feb 1852-Oct 1855) to form The Student and Schoolmate ; Nov 1855-1872

relevant quotes: Intentions: "The Student is designed for Children and Youth--to be used in schools and families. It is devoted to Education, Natural History, (with illustrative engravings,) to Biography, Music, Phonography, and the Natural Sciences generally. It is probably the best Educational Serial published in this country." [advertisement. National Era. 23 Oct 1851: 171, col 7]

• On the magazine in 1854: "During the eight years which we have been connected with The Student, our aim has been, through its pages, to awaken an ardent love for learning and self-improvement, not only in the school-room, but in the family circle, around the centre-table of the richly-furnished parlor, and by the hearth-stone of rural country homes. ... We believe that no other periodical, claiming to be educational, has obtained so large a circulation by subscriptions as The Student. Not a county can be found, where it has not been seen and read, and, so far as we have heard, it has met with a cordial approval." [8 (April 1854): 185]

• On the change to Student & Family Miscellany, 1854: "A New and Improved Volume of The Student and Family Miscellany will commence with the number for May. It will appear in a new form, with new type, and four additional pages; containing 36 pages each month, instead of 32, as heretofore. We intend to send the first number of the new volume to each of our present subscribers, even though the subscriptions of some expire with the present number, and we hope all will examine it. Should any whose subscriptions have expired receive The Student for May, and wish to discontinue the work, please D O    N O T return that number, but keep it and show it to your friends. ... Sample numbers of the new volume will be ready on the 15th of April, and will be forwarded, gratis, on application by letter, post-paid, to any person who may desire to examine the work." [8 (April 1854): 185]

source of information: 1851-1852 issues (located in Winterthur Library, Wilmington, DE); May 1853-April 1854 bound volume; 1854 scattered issues; Lyon; AAS catalog

available: excerpts online

bibliography: advertisement. The National Era. 23 Oct 1851: 171, col 7.
• "The Student and Flower-Basket United." The Student 4 (April 1852): 185.
• Notice. Monthly Literary Miscellany, February 1853: 64. online
• Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 224-228.

Boys' and Girls' Weekly Catholic Magazine (also Boys' and Girls' Catholic Magazine) ; 6 June 1846-1848 • Catholic Weekly Instructor (also Weekly Catholic Instructor); 6 Jan 1849-1851

published: Philadelphia, PA: William J. Cunningham, 6 Jan 1849-1851.

frequency: weekly

description: Page size, 10" h • Newspaper format

continued by: Catholic Instructor (for adults)

source of information: AAS catalog; OCLC; NUC

Youth's Monthly Friend (also Youth's Friend); July 1846-April 1858

edited by: Longley & Brother

published: Cincinnati, OH: Longley & Bro.

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: quarto

absorbed: Little Forester ; Jan 1854-1855

source of information: Lyon; NYPL

bibliography: Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 139-140, 146-147.

The Student and Young Tutor ; Nov 1846-Sept 1848

published: New York, NY: J. S. Denman.

frequency: monthly; 2 vol/ year

description: Page size, 9.75" h

absorbed by: The Student ; May 1846-April 1854

source of information: OCLC

The Mt. Vernon Enterprise ; 1847-?

edited by: first issue, Joseph Elder; Thomas Egleston; John Cass. after first issue, Joseph Elder; Thomas Egleston; J. B. Williams.

published: New York, NY: Joseph Elder, Thomas Egleston, & John Cass. After first issue: New York, NY: Joseph Elder, Thomas Egleston, & J. B. Williams.

frequency: monthly

description: 1¢/ copy. • Amateur publication; editors were students at the Mount Vernon School

source of information: Lyon; OCLC

bibliography: Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 140.

Uncle Peter's Juvenile Cabinet ; before May 1847 • The Youth's Cabinet ; May 1847-

published: Lewiston Falls, ME

frequency: monthly

description: Page size, 8.25" h
• May 1847 is vol 2 #1

source of information: AAS catalog

Young American's Magazine of Self-Improvement ; Jan-Dec 1847

cover/masthead: cover for 1847?

edited by: George W. Light

published: Boston, MA: C. H. Peirce.

frequency: bimonthly: Jan, March, May, July, Oct, Dec

description: Jan, 66 pp.; March-Oct, 60 pp.; Dec, 48 pp. • Page size, 7.50" h x 4.50" w • Price: 20¢/ issue; $1.20/ year

relevant information: Apparently intended for an audience of teenagers and older, especially young men. The six issues include poetry and general essays on speaking, moving through society, the importance of manual labor, abolition, the importance of education, and how to know oneself. Paragraphs in "Miscellaneous Notes" comment on major events and give advice; "The Book World" is a regular column reviewing poetry and nonfiction. While the pieces seem intended for a general audience, several works have subjects more in keeping with works for children than works for adults.

relevant quotes: Prospectus: "The leading purpose of this Magazine is, to awaken a more general interest in SELF-IMPROVEMENT--Physical, Moral, Intellectual, Industrial and Prudential; and to meet the wants of those who are more or less engaged in that noble work. But while it wil aim to embody in its pages ... a good share of the best self-educational spirit and talent of the age, no effort wil be wanting to make an entertaining and useful Miscellany of Prose and Poetry for the general reader."

• Light made specific demands of contributors: "The matter of the Magazine ... must be Practical; and in this view we wish to comprise criticisms and strictures upon the living manners, fashions, literature, prevalent opinions and general tone of the age. Some parts of the Spectator ... occur to us as coming near enough to a model of what we wish for in this department. ... As to Fictitious composition, we have no great respect for the common run of love-tales, we frankly confess. Nor do we intend to admit, or expect to receive any, which are not made subservient to some higher end than caricaturing human life and human nature under the everlasting mottoes of heroes and heroines, bright eyes and poison, love, murder and witchcraft. ... We shall be glad to receive well-written Biographical notices, and shall make it a point to prepare or provide them frequently. ... Occasional essays upon Composition, with an especial reference to the benefit of young writers; notices of all new works in which we believe that our readers are or should be interest; in a word, any matter which is brief, decorous, practical and spirited, will come within our professed plan." ["The Contributions Wanted." 1 (Jan 1847): 67-68]

• Light planned for another year: "Although the expenses of the work will be increased, we have concluded to reduce the price to One Dollar a volume, in the hope of a wide circulation; and we look to the friends of a sound popular literature for continued encouragement in the enterprize." [advertisement in bound volume]

continues: The Essayist (14 Nov 1829-Sept 1833): "The work is little more than the resurrection ... of another Periodical, of which we were the soul some thirteen years ago. We allude to "The Essayist," a work of humble pretensions, ... devoted to the moral and intellectual interests of Young Men, Associations for Mental Improvement, &c. We were not exactly killed off at that time." ["Some Editorial Words." 1 (Jan 1847): 65]

source of information: bound vol; AAS catalog; OCLC; Lyon; NUC

bibliography: Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 140-141.
• Lorinda B. Cohoon. "Working-Class Boys and Self-Improved Citizenship: George Light's Editorials in the Young American's Magazine of Self-Improvement," in Serialized Citizenships: Periodicals, Books, and American Boys, 1840-1911. Lanham, MD: The Scarecrow Press, 2006; pp. 31-55.

Der Jugend-Freund aller Christlichen Benennungen (Youth companion); 16 June 1847-Dec? 1851 • Christen-Bote und Jugend-Freund ; Jan 1-Dec 1852 • Jugend-Freund und Christen-Bote ; 8 Jan 1853-Nov 1857? • Der Jugend-Freund ; Dec 1857-1917? • Der Jugend-Freund und Illustrierte JugendBlätter ; 1917?-? • magazine ended May 1919

edited by: 16 June 1847-1872?, S. K. Brobst • Arndt lists later editors

published: Allentown, PA; Philadelphia, PA. Published by S. K. Brobst, 16 June 1847-1872? • Arndt lists later publishers

frequency: 16 June 1847-?, biweekly; then, monthly

description: First German-language Sunday-school magazine • Circulation: 1870, 21,500

absorbed: Illustrierte Jugendblätter ; 1885-1917?

source of information: Arndt; Fraser

bibliography: Karl J. R. Arndt & May E. Olson. German-American Newspapers and Periodicals: 1732-1955. Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer Publishers, 1961.
• Sybille Fraser. "German Language Children's and Youth Periodicals in North America: A Checklist." Phaedrus 6 (Spring 1979): 27-31.

The Playmate ; Sept 1847-May 1848

edited: 1847, Joseph Cundall

published: Boston, MA: William Crosby & Henry P. Nichols, 1847-1848.

frequency: monthly

description: Price, 1848: $1/ year.
• Published simultaneously for a year with English magazine the Illustrated Juvenile Miscellany (also The Playmate)

merged with: Robert Merry's Museum ; Feb 1841-Nov 1872

relevant quotes: About the merger: "We ... have formed a project for presenting to the public the most amusing, pleasing, pictorial, instructive magazine that was ever thought of! This number will serve as a specimen. ... [W]e intend to keep up and preserve every thing that is good in the plan and spirit of Merry's Museum; we intend to get all the good hints we can from the original design of Parley's Magazine; and finally, we shall endeavor to combine in our work all the excellencies of the English periodical, entitled the Playmate. This latter has ceased, and the late publishers in Boston, Messrs. Crosby & Nichols, have engaged us to fulfill their promises to its numerous subscribers." ["Merry's Museum and Parley's Playmate United!" Robert Merry's Museum (July 1848): 3-4) From Crosby & Nichols: "We have published twelve numbers of a Child's Periodical, entitled THE PLAYMATE: A PLEASANT COMPANION FOR SPARE HOURS. This has now ceased in London, but will be continued here under the following arrangement: The publisher of Merry's Museum will add the title of Playmate to his magazine, and furnish this to the patrons of the Playmate. Accordingly, our subscribers will receive in future the numbers of MERRY'S MUSEUM AND PARLEY'S PLAYMATE; and as whatever was good in the English periodical was imitated from Parley, we cannot doubt that this arrangement will be gratifying to all concerned." [Robert Merry's Museum; Oct 1848, inside front cover] Dechert quotes a version of this announcement printed in Sept 1848. "[W]hatever was good in the English periodical was imitated from Parley" is an odd statement, given that, as Dechert explains, the London Playmate was established in reaction against Parley and didacticism. (See for example, comments on attacks on Parley.)

source of information: Robert Merry's Museum, Oct 1848 & 1848 bound vol; Dechert; AAS catalog; OCLC

bibliography: "Merry's Museum and Parley's Playmate United!" Robert Merry's Museum. 16 (July 1848): 3-4.
• Dorothy B. Dechert. "The Merry Family: A Study of Merry's Museum, 1841-1872, and of the Various Periodicals that Merged with It." MA thesis. Columbia University, 1942.

The Child's Gospel Prize ; 1848-

published: Boston, MA: J. M. Usher, for the Massachusetts Sabbath School Association.
• Also published in New York

frequency: weekly

description: Page size, 9.25" h • Vol 2 #45 is 12 May 1849

source of information: AAS catalog

Fithian's Miniature Magazine: A Student Manual and Fireside Miscellany Devoted to the Useful and Beautiful ; 1848-at least 1854

published: Philadelphia, PA: Charles Fithian.

source of information: Lyon

bibliography: Mabel F. Altstetter. "Early American Magazines for Children." Peabody Journal of Education 19 (Nov 1941); p. 132.
• Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 141-142.

The Boys' and Girls' Journal ; Jan 1848 • The Boys' and Girls' Weekly Penny Journal ; Feb-July 1848 • The Boys' and Girls' Penny Journal ; Aug 1848-1849 • Fithian's Magazine for Girls and Boys ; 1850-1853

edited by: Jan-Aug 1848, Aaron F. Cox
• Sept 1848-1853, Charles Fithian
• 1852-1853, Lydia Jane Pierson, assistant ed.

published: Philadelphia, PA: Aaron F. Cox, Jan-July 1848.
• Philadelphia, PA: Charles Fithian, Aug 1848-1853; publisher at 1 Lodge St., 1850; publisher at 3 Ranstead Place, 1853.

frequency: 1848-1849: weekly; 1 vol/ year. • 1850-1851: biweekly. • 1852-1853: monthly.

description: 1848-1849: 4 pp.; quarto. Price, 50¢/ year, paid in advance; 1¢/ issue when delivered by carriers.
• 1850-1851: 16 pp.; large octavo; price, 50¢/ year; 3¢/ issue.
• 1852-1853: 32 pp.; price, 50¢/ year.

source of information: Lyon; Maxwell; NUC

bibliography: Eleanor Weakley Nolen. "Nineteenth Century Children's Magazines." The Horn Book Magazine. 15 (January/February 1939): 55-60.
• Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 193-199.
• Checklist of Children's Books, 1837-1876, comp. Barbara Maxwell. Philadelphia, PA: Special Collections, Central Children's Department, Free Library of Philadelphia, 1975.

The Boys' and Girls' Magazine, and Fireside Companion ; Jan 1848-Dec 1850 • Forrester's Boys' and Girls' Magazine, and Fireside Companion ; Jan 1851-Dec 1857

cover/masthead: 1848-1850 | 1851-1855 | 1852 | 1856-1857

edited by: Jan 1848-Dec 1852, Dexter S. King ("Mark Forrester") • Jan 1853-Dec 1856, "Francis Forrester"; "Francis Forrester, Jr." • Jan-Dec 1857, "Father Forrester"

published: Boston, MA: Bradbury and Guild, Jan 1848-Dec 1849; publisher at 12 School St., Jan 1848-Dec? 1850. Boston, MA: William Guild, Jan 1851-Dec 1852; publisher at 120 Washington St., 1851.
• New York, NY: W. C. Locke & Co., Jan 1851-1852; publisher at 24 Beekman St., Jan 1852.
• Boston, MA: F. & G. C. Rand, Jan 1853-Dec 1856; publisher at 7 Cornhill. Boston, MA: Binney & Rand, Jan-Dec 1857; publisher at 36 Washington St.

frequency: monthly; 2 vol/ year

description: 32 pp.
• 1848, page size untrimmed, 8" h x 5.5" w; price: 1 copy, $1/ year in advance; 4 copies, $3/ year (75¢/ issue); 7 copies, $5/ year (71¢/ issue); 15 copies, $10/ year (67¢/ issue); 24 copies, $15/ year (62.5¢/ issue); 40 copies, $24/ year (60¢/ issue)
• July 1850-1857, page size untrimmed, 9" h x 6" w; price: 1 copy, $1.25/ year, $1/ year in advance; 4 copies, $3/ year; 7 copies, $5/ year; 10 copies, $7/ year; 15 copies, $10/ year
• Circulation (from magazine): Jan 1851, 10,000

relevant quotes: Introduction: "I am about issuing a new Monthly Magazine, intended expressly for boys and girls.... I am aware that this field of literature is already occupied by those who can, perhaps, write you more interesting stories than I can, with my plain ways and trembling hands. In fact, I feel that I can realize all the difficulties and perplexities of an editor's life; and yet I cannot but believe that the relation of some incidents of my life, chequered as it has been with sunshine and storms, will serve to cheer me in my old age, and teach you to shun the dangers that will beset you on every side, as long as you live." ["Introduction." 1 (Jan 1848): 1-2]

• About the change in editors, 1853: "Your old friend, and my much esteemed acquaintance, Mark Forrester, has seen fit to leave his editorial chair, and to bequeath me his old pens, his curious stories, and the care of your favorite magazine. So I, Francis Forrester, Esquire, editor, author, &c., &c., beg leave to make you a bow as graceful as that of a Frenchman, and to greet you with a heart as sincere as the love of a father." [11 (Jan 1853): 1]

• "Francis Forrester, jr" becomes assistant editor: "Francis Forrester, Esq. is not in a writing mood this month. The old gentleman has been sick. [So, when his young friend offers his services as an editor, "the old gentleman" accepts and christens him.] 'If you will help me edit my magazine, I will adopt you as my literary child, and allow you to call yourself Francis Forrester, Jr.[']" ["Francis Forrester Jr.'s Chit-chat with His Readers." 8 (July 1856): 31-2]

absorbed by: The Student and Schoolmate ; Nov 1855-1872

source of information: 1848-1857 scattered issues & bound volumes; APS II reels 606-607; Lyon; Kelly

available: APS II (1800-1850), reels 606-607

bibliography: Harriet L. Matthews. "Children's Magazines." Bulletin of Bibliography. 1 (April 1899): 133-6.
• Dorothy Dechert. "The Merry Family: A Study of Merry's Museum, 1841-1872, and of the Various Periodicals that Merged with It." MA thesis. Columbia University, 1942.
• Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 173-174, 200-202.
• John B. Crume. "Children's Magazines, 1826-1857." Journal of Popular Culture 7 (1973): 698-706.
• Children's Periodicals of the United States, ed. R. Gordon Kelly. Westport, CT & London, England: Greenwood Press, 1984.

The Young People's Mirror and American Family Visitor (also Young People's Mirror ; also Mirror); 1 Jan 1848-1 Dec 1849

edited by: Benson John Lossing

published: New York, NY: Edward Walker. • Boston, MA: H. W. Swett.

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: 12 pp.; page size, 11.5" h x 8.25" w; prices: 1 copy, 50¢/ year; 5 copies, $2/ year

• Erroneously referred to as The Youth's Mirror by at least one contemporary reviewer

relevant quotes: Introduction: "In consenting to employ some leisure hours in the Editorial management of the Young People's Mirror, we obey the pleasing impulse of a desire to become thus personally linked with the younger branches of our Republican family .... Parent, son, and daughter, for you the Mirror will give its reflections from the luminaries of nature, art, and mind--for you the Visitor will make its monthly calls, and dispense its treasures of advice and knowledge." ["Salutatory." 1 (Jan 1848): 10]

• Difficulties in publishing, & a new prospectus: "We are at the close of our first volume, several hundred dollars the loser, upon our circulation, but the hope of having the Mirror yet placed upon a remunerating basis, induces us to publish another volume. All must be aware upon a little reflection, that so low a price as fify cents per annum for an illustrated paper of the size and quality of our sheet, requires a subscription list of several thousand paying subscribers, to meet the current expenses of publication. If it shall reach that mark--if its income shall equal its disbursements--we shall be satisfied. Double our list of paying subscribers, and the Mirror will be placed upon a permanent basis. We shall give it a fair trial, ... and then, if it shall not be considered worth fifty cents a year to a sufficient number of persons to pay the expense of publication, we shall, in common fairness to ourselves, abandon the enterprise, and conclude that our judgment was at fault." ["Volume II.--Prospectus." 2 (1 Jan 1849): 1]

• The last issue: "This is the closing number of the second Volume of the Mirror. Like the first, its publication has been a loss to the publisher. He had hoped for a different result, and has delayed the determination to suspend the publication of the work, until the last moment, hoping there might be better indications for the next volume. Profit was not expected, and the publisher would cheerfully give his time, if his money outlay could be reimbursed. But he does not feel warranted in working for nothing and paying the expense. There are many who are desirous of having the publication of the Mirror continued, and have substantially aided in making the publisher's loss less than it might have been. ... And we now make a pledge ..., if between this and the 1st of January, a sufficient number of subscribers shall be received to insure the publisher against loss, the first number of the third volume will appear on the first of February. If not, then our young readers, with whom we have journied so pleasantly, and ourselves, must part company." ["The Closing Number." 2 (Dec 1849): 141]

available: excerpts online

source of information: 1848-1849 bound volume; Lyon; AAS catalog

bibliography: Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 141.

Juvenile Gazette ; 18 March 1848-?

edited by: W. Roscoe Deane, G. W. Chapman, & G. G. Crocker

published: Boston, MA; Deane, Chapman & Crocker

frequency: weekly

description: Page size, 8" h

source of information: AAS catalog; NUC

bibliography: Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 142.

The Scholar's Penny Gazette ; 29 April 1848-17 Aug 1850

edited by: April 1848-March 1849, Asa Fitz, with La Fayette Forrest
• March-May 1849, Asa Fitz, with S. L. Hobbs

published: Boston, MA: Asa Fitz & L. F. Forrest, 1848.

frequency: weekly

description: Page size, 13.25" h; price, 50¢/ year • Newspaper format

source of information: Lyon; AAS catalog; OCLC; NUC

bibliography: Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 142.

The Youth's Pictorial Magazine ; May 1848

cover/masthead: cover

published: Papermill Village, NH: A. K. Severance

frequency: monthly (only 1 issue)

description: 24 pp.; page size, 9.25" h x 6.25" w

• "Each volume will contain upwards of three hundred pages, and more than a hundred Engravings. Every fourth number, at least, will be embellished with a beautiful steel or copper plate engraving." [p. 1]

• Price: $1/year, "invariably in advance, or on the receipt of the first number." [p. 1]

• Apparently never published

source of information: May 1848 issue

The Asteroid ; 1 Aug 1848-after July 1849?

edited by: Aug-Oct 1848, Harry Lake; Frank Lawe
• Feb-July 1849, William H. Hutchinson

published: Salem, MA: William H. Hutchinson, 1848.

frequency: monthly

description: Page size, 13" h

source of information: AAS catalog

Young People's Journal of Science, Literature, & Art ; Nov 1848-?

edited by: Nathan Brittan, Frances H. Greene

published: New York, NY: S. B. Britten.

frequency: monthly

description: Page size, 9.75" h

source of information: AAS catalog; OCLC

The Bubble ; 1849?

published: New York, NY

source of information: Kelly

bibliography: Children's Periodicals of the United States, ed. R. Gordon Kelly. Westport, CT & London, England: Greenwood Press, 1984.

The Scholars' Leaf of the Tree of Knowledge ; 6 Jan 1849-16 Dec 1850

edited by: M. B. Walker; Joseph Osgood Barrett

published: Portland: Walker & Barrett

frequency: Jan 1849: weekly • Feb 1849-16 Dec 1850: semimonthly

description: Page size, 10" h

source of information: NUC; Harvard University, Widener Library catalog; Yale University Library catalog

The Schoolfellow ; Jan 1849-Dec 1852, Feb 1853-Sept 1857

cover/masthead: 1856

edited by: Jan 1849-1852, William C. Richards
• 1853-1855, William C. Richards and Alice B. Haven
• Daniel Jacques.

published: Athens, GA & Charleston, SC: William C. Richards, 1849.
• Charleston, SC: Richards and Walker, 1850-1852.
• New York, NY: C. M. Saxton, Feb-April 1853. Charleston, SC: B. F. De Bow, 1853. Chillicothe, OH: Whittemore & Saxton, Feb-April 1853.
• New York, NY: Evans & Brittain, May 1853-1854?. Cincinnati, OH: Ward & Taylor, May 1853-1854?
• New York, NY: Evans & Dickerson, 1854.
• New York, NY: James S. Dickerson, 1855.
• New York, NY: Dix & Edwards, Jan-May 1856; publisher at 10 Park Place, Jan 1856; at 321 Broadway, Feb-May 1856.
• New York, NY: Dix, Edwards & Co., June 1856-Jan 1857; publisher at 321 Broadway.
• New York, NY: Miller & Curtis, Aug 1857.
• London, England: Sampson, Low, Son & Co., Jan 1856-Jan 1857.

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: 1854, 36 pp.; Jan 1856, 42 pp.; Feb 1856-Aug 1857, 36 pp.

• Prices: 1856-1857, 10¢/ each; $1/ year

• Page sizes: 1854, 7.25" h x 5" w; 1856-1857, 7.75" h x 5" w

• Circulation: 1852, 2000 (from Kennedy); Nov 1853, 4000 (from magazine)

• No issue for Jan 1853

• Dechert notes that, after the Schoolfellow merged with [Robert Merry's Museum] in Oct 1857, "the numbers of Merry's Museum from October to December 1857 were enclosed in a Schoolfellow cover as well as in the Museum cover, to enable the volume for that year to be bound uniformly." [p. 133] My copy of the Nov 1857 issue has the front cover of Schoolfellow glued over the cover of the Museum at the spine; readers opening their "Schoolfellow" were presented with the cover of Merry's Museum, reinforcing the merger. The Schoolfellow cover for that issue also features its new publisher's address. Oct-Dec 1857 issues of the Museum often are found bound with the Jan-Sept 1857 issues of the Schoolfellow; the Sept 1857 issue of the Schoolfellow ends with page 324; the Oct 1857 issue of the Museum begins with page 97.

relevant quotes: From the opening address: "As the kind schoolfellow is not less ready to help his associates to learn a hard lesson than he is to join them in any proper amusement, so he will be, at once, your teacher and your playmate--not less ready to inform you of curious facts in History, Philosophy, and other Sciences, than to share with you in those innocent pastimes which constitute the charm of boyhood and of girlhood." [in Flanders 106]

• About the move to New York, 1853: "So far as the character of the magazine is concerned, the removal will make no change in it. ... It will never so long as we control it, be a whit less Southern than it has always been. Necessity, not inclination, has induced us to change the scene of our labours; the spirit of them will remain the same." [(Dec 1852): 380; in Lyon, p. 205]

• About the merger with the Museum: "With this number of the Schoolfellow, children and friends, with whom we have so long been pleasantly talking, the Magazine passes into other hands. ... As the little schoolfellow grows older, and becomes large enough to look with delight at all the wonders in Merry's Museum, and study with interest the gems of Woodworth's Cabinet, you will find that he grows also more entertaining. ... He is still your old friend in a new dress: and with his face more smiling than ever. You must not cease to smile back again, and take him always kindly by the hand, you will cheer him, and he you: and as long as there are children and Schoolfellows, and Museums, and Cabinets, so long we shall think of you together, telling stories, looking at pictures, and good lessons, and all growing wiser and better as all grow older--And so good bye." ["Union of the Schoolfellow with the Museum and Cabinet." Robert Merry's Museum 34 (Nov 1857): inside Schoolfellow cover]

• John N. Stearns welcomed readers of the Schoolfellow to their new magazine: "To the Schoolfellows, thus kindly commended to our regards, we give a most cordial welcome. We hope the arrangement--the very best that could be made under the circumstances--will be satisfactory to all, and that the Schoolfellows will find themselves perfectly at home and happy with their cousins of the Museum and Cabinet. ... We trust that this addition to it will be another confirmation of the adage, so often proved in our past experience,--'the more the merrier.'" ["Union of the Schoolfellow with the Museum and Cabinet." Robert Merry's Museum 34 (Nov 1857): inside Schoolfellow cover]

absorbed by: Robert Merry's Museum ; Feb 1841-Nov 1872

source of information: 1856 issues; Jan 1857 issue; Aug 1857 issue; 1854, 1856, 1857 bound volumes; Nov 1857 Museum; Dechert; Lyon

bibliography: J. C. G. Kennedy. Catalogue of the Newspapers and Periodicals Published in the United States. New York, NY: John Livingston, 1852.
• Dorothy B. Dechert. "The Merry Family: A Study of Merry's Museum, 1841-1872, and of the Various Periodicals that Merged with It." MA thesis. Columbia University, 1942.
• Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 203-208.
• Bertram Holland Flanders. Early Georgia Magazines: Literary Periodicals to 1865. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1944; pp. 106-108.

Sunday School Gazette ; 4 Aug 1849-15 Dec 1871 • The Dayspring ; Jan 1872-after Dec 1879

cover/masthead: 1858-1860

edited by: 1846-1861, W. H. Cudworth
• 1861-1866, Joseph H. Allen 1866-1867, T. J. Mumford
• 1867-1868, James P. Walker
• 1878-1879, George F. Piper

published: Worcester, MA: A. Hutchinson & Co., 1849-1855.
• Boston, MA: A. Hutchinson & Co., 1856-
• Boston, MA: Sunday-School Society, 1858-1863; publisher at 21 Bromfield St. Worcester, MA: Sunday-School Society, 1858-1860; printed by Henry J. Howland, 245 Main St.
• Boston, MA: Joseph H. Allen, 1864-1866.
• Boston, MA: William V. Spencer, 1866.
• Boston, MA: Sunday School Society, 1867-1870.
• Boston, MA: Unitarian Sunday School Society, 1870-1879. Publisher at 42 Chauncy St., 1872; at 7 Tremont St., 1875-1879. Printer, 1872-1879, John Wilson & Son, Cambridge, MA

frequency: biweekly, 4 Aug 1849-1 Jan 1862; 1 vol/ year
• semimonthly, 15 Jan 1862-15 Dec 1863, 15 Feb 1866-15 Dec 1871; 1 vol/ year
• monthly, Jan 1864-Feb 1866, 1872-1879; 1 vol/ year

description: • 1858-1860: 4 pp.; page size, 15" h x 10" w; price, 25¢/ copy
• 1872-1879, 16 pp.; page size untrimmed, 8" h x 6" w. Prices: 1 copy, 30¢/ year; 4 copies, $1/ year
• Vol 1-vol 22 (4 Aug 1849-15 Dec 1871); new series, vol 1-8 (Jan 1872-Dec 1879)

source of information: 1858-1860, 1872-1879, scattered issues; AAS catalog

The Gleaner ; 11 Aug 1849-

published: Newport, RI: George C. Mason & Co.

frequency: weekly

description: Page size, 13.75" h • Newspaper format

source of information: AAS catalog; OCLC

The Friend of Youth ; Nov 1849-Oct 1852

cover/masthead: 1850

edited by: Margaret L. Bailey

published: Washington, DC: printed by Buell & Blanchard

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: 1850: 8 pp.; page size untrimmed, 13.5" h x 9.25" w. Prices, 1 copy, 50¢/ year; 5 copies, $2/ year

relevant information: In 1846, Margaret Bailey edited Youth's Monthly Visitor in Cincinnati, OH.

• The Friend was essentially an anti-slavery paper, containing a handful of articles about the slave trade. The Friend was featured often in issues of The National Era, an abolitionist paper also published in Washington, D. C., by G. Bailey, Margaret's husband. Both papers published works by E. D. E. N. Southworth and Mary Irving, among other writers.

• The editor planned to make the Friend a source of news for its young readers: "In addition to agreeable Stories, Lessons on Natural History, Descriptions of Natural Scenery, Sketches of Travel, and Notices of New Books for children, we shall converse with them, in language adapted to their comprehension, about the important events of the present era. We know this is not usually done in such publications, but we think we do not mistake the taste or capacity of young people, when we suppose them to feel some interest in the world they live in, beyond the nursery, the schoolroom, and the play-ground. It shall also be our care to interest them on all great subjects connected with the well-being of mankind. Freedom, Peace, and Temperance, shall receive our earnest advocacy. Teaching our readers to sympathize with the oppressed, and weep with the suffering, we hope to awaken in them a generous abhorrence of all wrong, and an earnest love and reverence for all that is just and pure...." ["Prospectus of The Friend of Youth." The National Era. 4 Oct 1849: 158, col 1]

• The first issue was intended to be published Nov 1, but "[o]wing to the failure of the paper ordered for the Friend of Youth, and to other causes which it is needless to mention," it was instead published Nov 6, on paper of a different grade. ["The Friend of Youth." The National Era. 1 Nov 1849: 174, col 1. "The Friend of Youth." The National Era. 8 Nov 1849: 178, col 1.]

• The first issue of the Friend was reprinted: "We have exhausted one edition of our first number, and shall print a second as soon as possible. Meantime, the subscribers now coming in will receive the second and third numbers, and as soon as the new edition of the first number is ready, they shall have that also. We are anxious as far as possible to have all our subscribers date from the commencement of the paper." ["Our Paper." 1 (Jan 1850): 20]

• The National Era sent specimen copies of the first issue of the Friend to its subscribers: "Those who do not wish to subscribe will please return the number sent them, as it will be needed to supply subscribers." ["'The Friend of Youth.'" The National Era. 15 Nov 1849: 182, col 2] They got 50 back. ["The Friend of Youth." The National Era. 22 Nov 1849: 190, col 1.]

• Circulation, Dec 1849, "nearly 2,000"; Feb 1850, "about four thousand"; May 1850, 4,000-5,000

merged with: The Little Pilgrim ; Oct 1853-Dec 1868: "The editor of the Friend of Youth, pressed by domestic cares, finds it necessary to transfer her paper to other hands. With the third volume, which closed on the first of this month [October 1852], her connection with it terminated, and she transferred it to Grace Greenwood. As Miss Clarke is absent, however, the further publication of the paper will be deferred till her return, next spring." Sarah J. Clarke (later, Sarah J. Lippincott) used "Grace Greenwood" as her pseudonym; she wrote exclusively for The National Era from around 1850 to 1851. ["The Friend of Youth." The National Era. 14 Oct 1852: 166, col 1]

• However, subscribers apparently had to wait several months more to receive their magazine, as the Friend wasn't continued. Instead, the Pilgrim was founded, and subscribers to the Friend were sent the Pilgrim: "We have received from Dr. Bailey a list of the names of those subscribers to whom The Friend of Youth was indebted when its publication was discontinued, with pay for the same; and we shall furnish The Little Pilgrim to all of them to the full extent of their respective payments. To some only a part of a volume was due; the names of such will be stricken off our list as soon as they shall have received the number of copies due them from Mrs. Bailey, unless their subscriptions are renewed." ["The Friend of Youth." The Little Pilgrim. 1 (March 1854): 21]

source of information: 1850 scattered issues; National Era; Pilgrim; Lyon; AAS catalog; OCLC

available: Extracts were published in The National Era: 23 Jan 1851: 16, col 3-5. • 20 March 1851: 48, col 5-6. • 15 May 1851: 80, col 4-5. • 19 June 1851: 100, col 4-6. • 3 July 1851: 108, col 4-5. • 17 July 1851: 116, col 4-5. • 4 Sept 1851: 144, col 4-6.

bibliography: "Prospectus of The Friend of Youth." The National Era. 4 Oct 1849: 158, col 1.
• "The Friend of Youth." The National Era. 25 Oct 1849: 170, col 1.
• "The Friend of Youth." The National Era. 1 Nov 1849: 174, col 1.
• "The Friend of Youth." The National Era. 8 Nov 1849: 178, col 1.
• "'The Friend of Youth'." The National Era. 15 Nov 1849: 182, col 2.
• "The Friend of Youth." The National Era. 22 Nov 1849: 190, col 1.
• "The Friend of Youth." The National Era. 13 Dec 1849: 198, col 1.
• "The Friend of Youth." The National Era. 27 Dec 1849: 206, col 1.
• "The Friend of Youth." The National Era. 14 Feb 1850: 26, col 3.
• "The Friend of Youth.--No. 7." The National Era. 2 May 1850: 70, col 2.
• "The Friend of Youth." The National Era. 3 Oct 1850: 158, col 6.
• "The Friend of Youth." The National Era. 17 Oct 1850: 166, col 1.
• "The Friend of Youth." The National Era. 7 Nov 1850: 178, col 1.
• "The Friend of Youth." The National Era. 14 Nov 1850: 182, col 1.
• "The Friend of Youth." The National Era. 28 Nov 1850: 190, col 2.
• "The Friend of Youth." The National Era. 5 Dec 1850: 194, col 1.
• "The Friend of Youth"--Vol. II. The National Era. 12 Dec 1850: 198, col 1.
• "The Friend of Youth." The National Era. 9 Jan 1851: 6, col 2.
• "The Friend of Youth." The National Era. 23 Jan 1851.
• "The Friend of Youth." The National Era. 20 March 1851: 46, col 1.
• "The Friend of Youth." The National Era. 17 April 1851: 62, col 6.
• notice of August issue. The National Era. 14 Aug 1851: 130, col 2.
• "Friend of Youth." The National Era. 18 Sept 1851: 150, col 4.
• "The Friend of Youth." The National Era. 23 Oct 1851: 171, col 6.
• "The Friend of Youth." The National Era. 20 Nov 1851: 186, col 1.
• "The Friend of Youth." The National Era. 18 Dec 1851: 203, col 1.
• "The Friend of Youth." The National Era. 15 Jan 1852: 10, col 1.
• "The Friend of Youth." The National Era. 14 Oct 1852: 166, col 1.
• "L." [Leander Lippincott] "The Friend of Youth." The Little Pilgrim, 1 (March 1854): 21.
• Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 220.

The Daystar ; 3 Nov 1849-

published: Lowell, MA: printed by A. B. Wright.

frequency: monthly

description: Page size, 13" h
• Published for the First Baptist Sabbath School

source of information: AAS catalog

The Sunday-Scholar's Mirror ; 1850?-1851?

cover/masthead: Vol 1

edited by: Daniel P. Kidder

published: New York, NY: Lane & Tippett, 1850?; printed by Joseph Longking
• New York, NY: Lane & Scott, for the Sunday-School Union of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1852.
• Carlton & Phillips.

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: Vol 1: 24 pp.; page size untrimmed, 6" h x 4" w; issue 7 is undated
• Vol 2 is 1851

relevant information: While the AAS catalog lists issues in 1854, no library appears to have issues after volume 2. (In fact, my bound volume of The Youth's Monitor for 1851 has 11 issues; perhaps the Mirror ended early in 1851.)

perhaps continued by: Youth's Monitor (1851-after 1854): "This Magazine [The Youth's Monitor] takes the place of the Sunday-Scholar's Mirror. In our serial literature for children, it is found by experience to be well to change the titles occasionally, for the sake of variety and good effect. Thus the Encourager followed the Children's Magazine, the Mirror the Encourager, and now the Monitor succeeds the Mirror." [Youth's Monitor; p. 5]

source of information: vol 1 #7 issue; Monitor; AAS catalog; OCLC

"Introduction." The Youth's Monitor 1 (Jan? 1851): p. 5-6.

Youth's Dayspring ; Jan 1850-Dec 1855 • Journal of Missions and Youth's Dayspring; 1856

cover/masthead: Jan-Feb 1850 | March 1850-1853 | 1854

edited by: H. G. O. Dwight, 1850-? • Mr. Stoddard, 1850-1851
• Nathan Dole, 1851-June 1855

published: Boston, MA: American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, 1850-1855; publisher at 33 Pemberton Square, 1850-1854.

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: 16 pp.; page size, 6.25" h x 4" w. Prices: 10 copies, $1/ year; 20 copies, $2/ year; 40 copies, $4/ year

• The cover image for March 1850-1853 also appears on a copy of the Feb 1850 issue; this copy is blank on the interior cover pages (cover pages two and three).

relevant quote: Introduction: "You are all fond of reading stories; and we are going to take a great deal of pains to tell you stories that will please and instruct you, and do you good; and especially lead you to try to do good to others. ... [The stories] are all true. We shall not manufacture any stories for you, out of our own imagination, neither shall we copy any from other papers, or books, that do not come well attested for truth. ... Each number will have one or more wood engravings, to enable you to understand better the condition of the people who are described in these pages; and thus ... we shall endeavor to carry you around through the world, ... and show you the missionaries laboring in the different countries, and the kinds of people for which they labor, and the appearance, manners, and customs of the countries in which they are living. And what is all this for? It is to make you more interested in the missionary work.... If each one of the children of America were to give only a single cent a year to the missionary cause, a sufficient sum would be raised to send out a great many missionaries to the heathen. Our object will be to try to induce every child and youth not only to do his own duty, but to labor in all proper ways to lead all his companions to do the same." [1 (Jan 1850): 1-3]

continues: Journal of Missions; 1849 (for adults)

source of information: Jan 1850-Nov 1853, scattered issues & bound volumes; Kelly; AAS; OCLC

bibliography: Children's Periodicals of the United States, ed. R. Gordon Kelly. Westport, CT & London, England: Greenwood Press, 1984.

The Youth's Friend ; Feb 1850-?

published: Augusta, GA: Miss W. C. Tyson.

frequency: monthly

description: Page size, 12" h

source of information: NUC; OCLC

The Juvenile Weekly Gazette ; 9 Feb 1850-13 Dec 1851

published: New York, NY: Coddington.

frequency: weekly; 1 vol/ year

description: Page size, 11.75" h

source of information: Lyon; NUC

bibliography: Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 143.

The Mentor ; July 1850-Dec 1851?

edited by: Horatio Hastings Weld

published: Philadelphia, PA: Staveley & McCalla, 1850.

frequency: monthly; 2 vol/ year

description: 32 pp.; octavo. Price: 10¢/ issue; $1/ year.
• 1850: agents in Baltimore, MD; Charleston, SC; Pittsburgh, PA; Wilmington, DE; Frederick, MD. Later, agents in New York, NY; Brooklyn, NY.

absorbed by: Woodworth's Youth's Cabinet ; 28 April 1837-March 1857

source of information: Dechert; OCLC

bibliography: New York Weekly Tribune. 11 (13 Dec 1851): 8.
• Dorothy Dechert. "The Merry Family: A Study of Merry's Museum, 1841-1872, and of the Various Periodicals that Merged with It." MA thesis. Columbia University, 1942.
• Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 143.

Youth's Monthly Magazine ; July 1850-June 1851?

cover/masthead: 1850

edited by: John G. Adams

published: Boston, MA; James M. Usher, Sabbath School Depository; publisher at 37 Cornhill, 1850.

frequency: monthly

description: 48 pp.; page size untrimmed, 7.25" h x 4.75" w. Price: $1/ year; 5 copies, 75¢/ year; 10 copies, 60¢/ year; 20 copies, 50¢/ year

relevant quote: Prospectus: "It is the design of the conductor and publisher of the Periodical to furnish as large and as good an amount of reading, suited to the moral and religious instruction of youth, as can be found in any other Juvenile Publication now offered to the public; and to present it also in an attractive form. The character of the Magazine, though intended to answer in some respects the wants of a particular denomination, will be such as may entitle it to the favorable attention of all lovers of Christian Truth. This Prospectus is made to accompany a Specimen Number of the Magazine. It is desirable that the opinions of the friends of youth be expressed to the publisher as to the form in which the work is issued[.]" ["Prospectus." 1 (July 1850): back cover; cover p. 4]

source of information: July 1850 issue; AAS catalog; OCLC

Fireside Miscellany and Young People's Encyclopedia ; Sept 1850-July 1851

cover/masthead: cover

edited by: Darius Mead; Hannah Flagg Gould

published: New York, NY: S. G. Mead, 1850-1851; publisher at 122 Nassau St., Nov-Dec 1850; publisher at 123 Fulton St., June 1851; publisher at 151 Nassau St., Feb 1854

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: 32 pp.; page size untrimmed, 9.5" h x 6" w; price, $1/ year in advance

• Reprinted in 1854 with same cover & description as 1850 & 1851

relevant quotes: Description: "The Fireside Miscellany is designed to be, as its name imports, a Family and Fireside Companion. It has originated in a strong persuasion of the value of enlightened and virtuous HOME influence, and in a desire to put into the hands of the various members of the family group a description of reading which shall be at once entertaining, instructive, and elevating. We hope, through this medium, to diffuse a large amount of useful knowledge to both parents and children, in connexion with the inculcation of virtuous principles; and we shall aim to make the work so far attractive in dress, manner, and matter, that it shall be a welcome guest and an agreeable and instructive visiter to those who honor it with their patronage." [1 (Dec 1850): back cover]

• Reprinted in 1854, with the same description as in 1850: "The Fireside Miscellany will be issued monthly, the first volume commencing with January, 1854. The work will contain 32 pages of original matter and choice selections, making at the end of the year a volume of 384 pages." [1 (Feb 1854): back cover]

source of information: Nov-Dec 1850, June 1851, Feb 1854 issues; AAS; OCLC

Christian Sunday School Journal ; 1851-

published: Cincinnati, OH: J. Grant

frequency: monthly

source of information: AAS catalog

The Standard-Bearer ; 1851-after 1867

cover/masthead: 1858 | 1867

published: New York, NY: Protestant Episcopal Society for the Promotion of Evangelical Knowledge, 1851-after 1867; publisher at 11 Bible House, Astor Place.
• 1853, printed by J. A. Gray, 97 Cliff St.
• 1858, printed by John A. Gray, 16 & 18 Jacot St.
• 1867, publisher at 3 Bible House; printed by John A. Gray & Green

frequency: monthly

description: 1853, 1858: 16 pp.; page size untrimmed, 6.5" h x 4.25" w. Prices: 1 copy, 25¢/ year; 25 copies, $5/ year; 50 copies, $10/ year
• 1867: 16 pp.; page size, 6" h x 4" w. Prices: 1 copy, 50¢/ year; 10 copies, $4/ year; 25 copies, $9/ year; 50 copies, $17/ year

source of information: Sept & Dec 1853; June 1858; Feb 1867 issues; AAS catalog; Maxwell

bibliography: Checklist of Children's Books, 1837-1876, comp. Barbara Maxwell. Philadelphia, PA: Special Collections, Central Children's Department, Free Library of Philadelphia, 1975.

The Youth's Monitor ; 1851-after 1854

edited by: Daniel P. Kidder

published: New York, NY: Lane & Scott, 1851-1853?
• New York, NY: Carlton & Phillips, 1854-?; 1854, publisher at 200 Mulberry St.
• For the Methodist Episcopal Church Sunday School Union

description: 1851, 1854: 24 pp.; page size, 5.75" h x 3.75" w. Price, 2¢/ each; 25¢/ year
• Methodist focus

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

relevant quotes:

Introductory: "This Magazine takes the place of the Sunday-Scholar's Mirror. ... A mirror may shine very brightly, and may reflect accurately the face of him who looks into it, and yet one does not wish to be looking into a mirror all the time. It is important to encourage the young in all their attempts to do good, and to conquer evil; but it is equally important to admonish them of the numerous dangers which [p. 6] beset their path, of the great necessity of redeeming time, and of giving their hearts to the Lord. This latter will be the office and aim of the Monitor. It will present its reader with grave truth in a pleasing garb, and will endeavor to merit both the confidence and the respect of all who seek instruction and profit from its pages." ["Introduction." 1 (Jan? 1851): 5-6.]

• "We are not insensible of the difficulties we have before us in the task of preparing a monthly series of articles designed to be admonitory of youth. Yet we have hope that our readers, although young, are of a character that will appreciate the fidelity of friendship, and will be glad to have the dangers of life pointed out to them early and plainly. We do not devote our pages to fault-finding, nor to dry precepts, and formal advice, however wholesome. Our object is to illustrate both vice and virtue, by means of interesting narratives, and speaking pictures. We hope, therefore, that our readers will regard us as a pleasant and friendly monitor, although a faithful one." ["Introduction." 4 (1854): 5-6]

• The 1854 issues seem to have been late: "Owing to some hinderances in our publication office, this monthly magazine was late in making its appearance the present year; consequently our notice of it comes very late. Still we think it desirable for our friends to know that such a publication is continued, and sold in numbers at two cents each, or sent to subscribers for twenty-five cents a year." ["Youth's Monitor for 1854." Sunday School Advocate 13 (March 11, 1854): 93]

perhaps continues: The Sunday-Scholar's Mirror (1850?-1851?): "This Magazine [The Youth's Monitor] takes the place of the Sunday-Scholar's Mirror. In our serial literature for children, it is found by experience to be well to change the titles occasionally, for the sake of variety and good effect. Thus the Encourager followed the Children's Magazine, the Mirror the Encourager, and now the Monitor succeeds the Mirror." [Youth's Monitor; p. 5]

source of information: 1851 & 1854 vols; Advocate; AAS catalog

bibliography: "Introduction." The Youth's Monitor 1 (Jan? 1851): p. 5-6.
• "Periodicals for Youth." Sunday School Advocate 13 (Feb 11, 1854): 78.
• "Youth's Monitor for 1854." Sunday School Advocate 13 (March 11, 1854): 93.

The Young Christian ; Jan 1851-1859

edited by: G. L. Demarest

published: New York, NY: B. B. Hallock, Jan 1851-1859.
• Cincinnati, OH: n.p., Jan 1851-1859.

frequency: monthly?

description: Page size, 5.75" h • Universalist focus

source of information: AAS catalog; OCLC

Sabbath School Visitor • Presbyterian Sabbath School Visitor ; 1 Jan 1851-26 Sept 1909

cover/masthead: 1855-1856 | 1857-1860 | 1865-1871 | 1872-1873

published: Philadelphia, PA: Presbyterian Board of Publication; 1855-March 1857, publisher at 265 Chestnut St.; April 1857-1873, publisher at 821 Chestnut St. Philadelphia, PA: Sabbath School Union. New York, NY: Presbyterian Board of Publication; 1855-Aug 1856, publisher at 285 Broadway; Jan 1857-1873, publisher at 530 Broadway.

frequency: semimonthly, 1855-1860 • monthly, 1865-1866 • monthly & semimonthly, 1868-1871

description: 4 pp. • circulation: 1851, 34,000 • 1855-1860, 1865-1866: page size, 14.5" h x 10.5" w; prices, 1 copy, 25¢/ year; 8 or more copies, 12¢/ year • 1868-1871: page size, 14.5" h x 10.5" w; prices: semimonthly, 1 copy, 50¢/ year; monthly, 1 copy, 25¢/ year; 8 or more copies, 8¢/ year • 1872: 14.25" h x 10.25" w; prices: semimonthly, 1 copy, 50¢/ year; monthly, 1 copy, 25¢/ year

relevant quote: Intended to provide "positive juvenile literature in place of other less desirable material ... constantly reaching the hands of children" (in Bates, p. 13)

relevant information: Selections were reprinted as The Youth's Visitor; or, Selections in prose and verse from the Presbyterian Sunday-school Visitor (Philadelphia, PA: Presbyterian Board of Publication, 1853)

source of information: 1855-1860, 1865-1872, scattered issues; Bates; NUC; AAS

bibliography: Barbara Snedeker Bates. "Denominational Periodicals: The Invisible Literature." Phaedrus 7 (Spring/Summer 1980): 13-18.

The Myrtle ; 2 Aug 1851-1918

edited by: 1866-1868, Phebe Hanaford • 1875-1905, Elizabeth M. Bruce

published: Boston, MA: J. M. Usher.
• Boston, MA: Universalist Publishing House, 1865-1876.

frequency: 1851, weekly; 1852, semimonthly

description: 1852: page size, 10" h

source of information: Miller; Fisher; AAS catalog

bibliography: L. B. Fisher. A Brief History of the Universalist Church, for Young People, 4th ed., revised. N. p.: n. p., n. d.; p. 169.
• Russell E. Miller. The Larger Hope: The First Century of the Universalist Church in America, 1770-1870. Boston, MA: Unitarian Universalist Association, 1979; vol 1, p. 560.

The Flower Basket ; -until March 1852

edited by: J. J. Buchanan

published: Pittsburgh, PA: J. J. Buchanan

relevant quote: Buchanan addressed a notice to his readers, dated 19 Feb 1852: "Owing to a want of proper encouragement, and a decline of health, I am compelled to suspend the publication of The Flower-Basket; and that those who have not received their full proportion of numbers may be supplied with a work as good, if not superior, I have made arrangements with the gentlemanly proprietors of "The Student" to supply the numbers still due you." ["The Student and Flower-Basket United." The Student 4 (April 1852): 185]

absorbed by: The Student (May 1846-Oct 1855)

source of information: Student; Lyon

bibliography: "The Student and Flower-Basket United." The Student 4 (April 1852): 185.
• Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 225.

Youth's Enterprise ; in 1852

source of information: mentioned in The Western Gem, and Musician 4 (Sept 1852): 36.

Monday Express ; in 1852

edited by: J. Mitchell, jr.

published: Little Rock, AR: J. Mitchell, jr.

frequency: weekly

description: Price, 5¢/ month

source of information: Gem

bibliography: Notice. The Western Gem, and Musician 4 (July 1852): 20. online

The Youth's Banner ; 1852-after Feb 1853

edited by: J. C. Mitchell • May 1853, J. G. Mitchel & W. T. Robinson

published: Little Rock, AR: J. C. Mitchell • Little Rock, AR: J. G. Mitchel & W. T. Robinson, 1853.

frequency: weekly • 1853, semi-monthly

description: page size, 12.5" h. Price, 1853: 50¢/ year

relevant quote: The Banner was "devoted especially to the developement [sic] of the young." [Notice. The Western Gem 6 (May 1853): 15.]

source of information: Gem; OCLC

bibliography: Notice. Monthly Literary Miscellany, February 1853, p. 63-64. online
• Notice. The Western Gem 6 (May 1853): 15. online

The Youth's Instructor (also Instructor) ; 1852-after Jan 14 1936

edited by: to 5 Jan 1904, Adelaide B. Cooper
• 12 Jan 1904, Fannie M. Dickerson; Lora E. Clement

published: Washington, DC: Review & Herald Publ. Association.
• Washington, DC: Seventh-Day Adventists, 1936.

frequency: weekly

description: Page size, 15.25" h • 75¢

source of information: Garwood; OCLC

bibliography: Irving Garwood. American Periodicals from 1850 to 1860. Macomb, IL: Irving Garwood, 1931.

The Child's Paper ; Jan 1852-1897?

cover/masthead: 1853-Dec 1857, 1864-1868, 1870-1871 | Jan 1858-March 1861 | April 1861-Dec 1863

published: New York, NY: American Tract Society, 1852-1897?.
• Boston, MA: N. P. Kemp, Nov 1854-Dec 1855; publisher at 28 Cornhill, Nov 1854-Dec 1855; publisher at 40 Cornhill, 1864-1867. Boston, MA: H. E. Simmons, 1870-1871; publisher at 116 Washington St.
• Also published in Philadelphia, Baltimore, Cincinnati, & New Orleans

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/year

description: 4 pp.; page size, 14" h x 9 5/8" w • Price, 1854-1855, 1857-April 1864: "payable in advance, in packages of not less than ten copies," 10/$1 (10¢ ea); 50/$4.50 (9¢ ea); 100/$8 (8¢ ea).
• before? Nov 1864-1871: "in packages of not less than EIGHT copies," 8/$1; 40/$5; 100/$12

source of information: 1854-1855, 1857-1868, 1870-1871 issues & bound vol; OCLC; NUC

bibliography: Notice. The Youth's Casket 3 (Dec 1854): 270. online
• "Reduction of Terms." The Children's Friend (Richmond, VA) 21 Dec 1867: p. 95.

The Youth's Casket ; Jan 1852-Dec 1857

cover/masthead: 1856

edited by: 1852-1853, Harley Thorne (penname of James O. Brayman?)
• 1853-1854, James O. Brayman
• Nov 1854-1857, Harriet E. G. Arey

published: Buffalo, NY: Beadle & Vanduzee, Jan 1852-March 1853; printed by Phinney & Co.
• Buffalo, NY: Beadle & Brother, April 1853-Nov 1853.
• Buffalo, NY: E. F. Beadle, Dec 1853-Dec 1855.
• Buffalo, NY: Beadle & Adams, Jan 1856-1857.

frequency: monthly

description: 1852-1857: page size, 8.75" h x 5 11/16" w; price, 50¢/year
• 1852: 16 pp.; first issues, cover was white printed in reddish orange
• 1853-1857: 24 pp.: "[I]t will this year have twenty-four pages...." (Jan 1853; p. 27)
• Circulation (from magazine): 1853, 3000-4000

relevant quotes: Introductory: "We here present you with the first number of the "Youth's Casket." We have taken great pains to make it acceptable to you. Do you think we have succeeded? There are few periodicals published especially for children and youth, but those few, so far as we are acquainted with them, are excellent. [Note: In 1852, there were at least 40 children's periodicals being published in the U. S.] ... We frankly confess that, in part, we labor that we may obtain money; but in return for the money which you send us we shall exert ourselves to do you good, and to repay ou with that which will be really of more value to you than that which you part with. ... [T]hat you may be both instructed and entertained, the Casket will present you, we trust, with a pleasant variety of historical, scientific, and philosophical information, and with equally as pleasant a variety of tales, and articles relating to sports, pastimes, &c., all which we hope will be quite to your taste. Besides all this, the Casket will salute your eyes with ever so many pictures; and we shal try to make them pretty too, very pretty, for we know that young folks are especially fond of such. Now if we fulfill these encouragements will you not help us along? We trust you will." ["Introductory Address." 1 (Jan 1852): 1-2]

• The first issue was later than planned: "Our Present Number.--It is before you, though in consequence of a long spell of sickness, it is late. For the same reason together with a slight miscalculation as to space we have not given you so great a variety of subjects as we had intended. However we have now got so good a start that we think we shall find no dfficulty in making all future numbers about right. We feel sure that at all events no future number will be less acceptable to you than the present." ["Our Present Number." 1 (Jan 1852): 20]

• The first two issues were reprinted: "In consequence of the increasing demand for the Casket, we have been obliged to print a second edition of the January and February numbers, and also to print, this month, double the number of the last. And here we wish it to be understood--for we have often been asked--that as every number of the Casket is stereotyped, back numbers will be furnished whenever called for." ["A Second Edition." 1 (March 1852): 51]

• The title was a bit too similar to that of another periodical: "We see that some of our correspondents and exchanges designate our magazine as the "Youth's Cabinet." Now this is, truly, a very excellent title of a very excellent magazine; but it is not the title of our magazine, which, by a simple reference to the cover, all will see is the "Youth's Casket." ["Our Title." 1 (April 1852): 68]

merged with: Forrester's Boys' and Girls' Magazine, Jan 1858: "[T]he Casket is making its face as like to [Forrester's] as possible, and ... most of our contents are similar this month." [Oct 1857; p. 243] "The Casket and Forrester's Boys' and Girls' Magazine are to be united the first of January 1858...." [Nov 1857; p. 267]

source of information: 1852-1855, 1857 vols; Jan 1856 issue; OCLC; Lyon; Johannsen; Kelly

bibliography: Notice. The Buffalo Morning Express. 31 Dec 1851.
• Frank H. Severance. "Bibliography: The Periodical Press in Buffalo, 1811-1915," Buffalo Historical Society Publications 19 (1915): 177-312.
• Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 209-213.
• Albert Johannsen. The House of Beadle and Adams. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1950; vol 1, pp. 414-418.
• Children's Periodicals of the United States, ed. R. Gordon Kelly. Westport, CT & London, England: Greenwood Press, 1984.

The Schoolmate ; Feb 1852-Oct 1855

cover/masthead: Nov 1852-1854

edited by: A. R. Phippen

published: New York, NY: George Savage, Feb 1852-Jan 1854; 1852, Savage at 22 John St.; later, Savage at 58 Fulton St.
• Boston, MA: Morris Cotton & Co., Dec 1852-Aug 1854; Cotton at 120 Washington St.
• New York, NY: A. R. Phippen, Feb? 1854-1855?; Phippen at 68 Fulton St., 1854

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: 1852, 32 pp.; page size, 9.5" h x 6" w
• Prices: 1 copy, $1/ year, in advance; 6 copies, $5/ year; 12 copies, $9/ year; 10¢/ copy
• Vol 1, 9 issues (Feb-Oct 1852); vol 2-4, 12 issues each (Nov-Oct)

relevant quotes: The cover changed between volume 1 & 2: "On the 1st of November we shall visit our friends in an entirely new dress, and with several new and interesting features." [Schoolmate. 1 (Sept 1852): 251]

• A. R. Phippen may have taken over as publisher in Feb 1854: "The editor of the Schoolmate having taken the office formerly occupied by George Savage, will, in future, give strict attention to editing and publishing the magazine. The delay which has been so troublesome in some of the late numbers, will be avoided, and our subscribers will have their magazines mailed to them by, at least, the first of each month." [Schoolmate. 3 (Jan 1854): 92] The Jan 1854 issue lists George Savage as the New York publisher.

merged with: The Student (May 1846-Oct 1855); to form The Student and Schoolmate ; Nov 1855-1872

source of information: 1852 vol; Dec 1852-Feb 1853, Jan 1854, Aug 1854 issues; Lyon; Kelly

available: excerpts online

bibliography: Notice. The Youth's Casket 1 (Nov 1852): 180. online

• Children's Periodicals of the United States, ed. R. Gordon Kelly. Westport, CT & London, England: Greenwood Press, 1984.

The Favourite Magazine of Instruction and Amusement for Boys and Girls (also The Favorite); April-Sept 1852

edited by: Daniel H. Jacques ("Uncle Daniel")

published: New York, NY: Thaddeus Hyatt, Daniel H. Jacques, April-Sept 1852

frequency: monthly

description: Page size, 9.5" h; price, $1/ year • Lyon states that the last issue was Oct 1852.

absorbed by: The Student • The Student and Family Miscellany (May 1846-Oct 1855)

relevant quote: On the merger with The Student: "Arrangements have been made with us to supply the subscribers to 'The Favorite'--a monthly magazine published in this city by Messrs. Hyatt and Jacques--with The Student; that magazine having been discontinued. Hereafter they will receive The Student instead of The Favorite." ["To the Subscribers of 'The Favorite'." The Student. 5 (Oct 1852): 192]

source of information: The Student, Oct 1852 (located in Winterthur Library, Wilmington, DE); Dechert; Lyon; AAS catalog

bibliography: Notice. The Western Gem, and Musician. 4 (Sept 1852): 36. online
• Dorothy Dechert. "The Merry Family: A Study of Merry's Museum, 1841-1872, and of the Various Periodicals that Merged with It." MA thesis. Columbia University, 1942.
• Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 29-32.

The Genius of Youth ; 1 June 1852-

edited by: Ross Alley

published: Olean, IN: Ross Alley

frequency: monthly

description: 15¢/ year

relevant information: Ross Alley wrote a few poems for The Western Gem, and Musician in 1852; the Gem's editor, Howard Durham, published "To Love" in Genius and advertised the periodical. [The Western Gem, and Musician 5 (Dec 1852): 12]

• Genius may not have had many issues; in early 1853, Alley began another periodical: "The Forest Rose, edited and published by our poetical young friend, Ross Alley, has just been commenced in Olean, Ind. It is a spicy and spirited paper, in fact just a sheet as the editor's talent would give us reason to expect. After the third of May it will be published weekly at 75 cts per annum. Its success has our best wishes and hopes." [The Western Gem, and Musician 5 (15 March 1853): 47]

source of information: Gem; AAS catalog

bibliography: Notice. The Western Gem, and Musician 4 (June 1852): 12. online
• Mention. The Western Gem, and Musician 4 (August 1852): 28. online
• Notice. The Youth's Casket 1 (Nov 1852): 179-180. online

Youth's Instructor ; Aug 1852-1970 • Insight ; 1970-present?

edited by: 1852-1853, James White
• 1854, Anna White
• 1855-1857, James White
• 1858-1864, G. W. Amadon
• 1864-1867, Adelia P. Patten
• 1867-1869, G. W. Amadon
• 1869-1871, G. H. Bell
• 1871-1873, Jennie R. Trembley

published: Rochester, NY: Review & Herald Publishing Association, 1852-1855.
• Battlecreek, MI: Review & Herald Publishing Association, 1855-1903.

frequency: 1852-1869, monthly • 1870, semimonthly

description: Aug 1852: price, 25¢/ year • Seventh-Day Adventist focus

source of information: Kelly

bibliography: Children's Periodicals of the United States, ed. R. Gordon Kelly. Westport, CT & London, England: Greenwood Press, 1984.

Der Schul- und Hausfreund (The friend at school and at home) ; 1853-

edited by: Conrad Bär

published: Buffalo, NY: Conrad Bär.

frequency: semimonthly

description: Lutheran magazine • German-language periodical

source of information: Arndt; Fraser

bibliography: Karl J. R. Arndt & May E. Olson. German-American Newspapers and Periodicals: 1732-1955. Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer Publishers, 1961.
• Sybille Fraser. "German Language Children's and Youth Periodicals in North America: A Checklist." Phaedrus 6 (Spring 1979): 27-31.

Youth's Western Banner ; 1853

published: Chicago, IL

source of information: Garwood

bibliography: Irving Garwood. American Periodicals from 1850 to 1860. Macomb, IL: Irving Garwood, 1931.
• Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 144.

Forest Garland ; 1853-1854

edited by: Stephen R. Smith • Walter F. Straub • Smith and Lapham

published: Cincinnati, OH: J. C. Richardson & Co.

frequency: monthly

description: Page size, 9.75" h; price, 50¢/ year • Nov-Dec 1853 issue is vol 1, #11-12

relevant information: temperance focus

source of information: Gem; OCLC; Lyon

bibliography: Notice. The Western Gem, and Musician 6 (July 1853): 30. online
• Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 144.

Little Traveler ; 1853-1855

published: Waynesville, OH

frequency: monthly

relevant information: perhaps the periodical founded by Howard Durham

source of information: Kelly

bibliography: Children's Periodicals of the United States, ed. R. Gordon Kelly. Westport, CT & London, England: Greenwood Press, 1984.

The Little Pilgrim ; Oct 1853-Dec 1868

cover/masthead: 1854-1855 | 1861-1866

edited by: Sarah J. Lippincott ("Grace Greenwood")

published: Philadelphia, PA: Leander K. Lippincott.

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: 1853-1856: 8 pp.; quarto; page size, 12.75" h x 9" w; price, 50¢/ year.
• 1857: 12 pp.; page size, 9.5" h x 6" w
• 1858, 1861-65: 14 pp.; page size, 9.5" h x 6.25" w. Prices: 1 copy, 50¢/ year; 5 copies, $2/ year; 14 copies, $5/ year
• 1866: 14 pp.; page size, 9.5" h x 6.25" w. Prices: 1 copy, 50¢/ year; 5 copies, $2.75/ year; 9 copies, $5/ year; 14 copies, $7/ year; 19 copies, $9/ year; 50 copies, $22/ year

relevant information: Though the Pilgrim began in Oct 1853, the Lippincotts preferred to begin each volume with the January issue; thus, the Jan 1854 issue is marked "Vol. I No. 1." The last few issues for 1854 reminded those who had subscribed in Oct-Dec 1853 that not only was it time to renew, but that since their new subscription would begin with the issue for Jan 1855, they needed to include extra money for the Oct-Dec 1854 issues. Thus a subscriber renewing in Oct 1854 should send money for 15 issues (62¢, instead of 50¢); a renewal in Nov 1854 should be for 14 issues, etc.

relevant quotes: In 1854, the picture at the top of the first page was changed from what it had been in 1853: "Are you not all charmed and delighted, dear readers, with our new heading? Was there ever in the world, think you, so comely a little pilgrim as Mr. Darley has sketched for us? We are sure you cannot refuse to greet, with a most hearty welcome, this little stranger. The freshness and youth of his round, sunny face, must win quick responses from the freshness and youth of your generous hearts; and his sweet, wondering eyes draw tender, loving looks from yours--especially yours, ye little maidens. Is he not beautiful to behold?" [1 (Jan 1854): 4]

• A supplement was sent with the Feb 1854 issue "to all who did not begin at the first beginning. It makes a full sized extra number and contains the first three European sketches, the 'Salutatory,' poem, and other articles. All who did not get the October number are entitled to a copy...." [1 (Feb 1854): 12]

• The Pilgrim took over the subscription list of Friend of Youth several months after the latter ended: "Since our last issue, we have received from Dr. Bailey a list of the names of those subscribers to whom The Friend of Youth was indebted when its publication was discontinued, with pay for the same; and we shall furnish The Little Pilgrim to all of them to the full extent of their respective payments. To some half dozen or more, only five copies were due; the claims of these will cease with this number, and unless their subscriptions are renewed before our next issue their names will be dropped from our books." ["The Friend of Youth." Pilgrim. 1 (Feb 1854): 14]

• Six months after the Pilgrim's last issue, its merger with The Little Corporal was announced in that magazine; among the announcements was a "goodbye letter" by Sarah Lippincott, dated 23 April 1869: "My dear Little Pilgrim: It is with sorrow, though with hope, that I let you go out of your old home, and from parental care, to your newer and grander field of duty, at the west. ... We comfort ourselves, your father [Leander Lippincott] and I, with the assurance that an honorable career is before you, as the Aide of that victorious young General of Juveniles, still known, like the great Napoleon, under his first familiar title of 'The Little Corporal.'" [Little Corporal, 8 (June 1869): 91]

• "Subscribers to The Little Pilgrim will be supplied with numbers of The Little Corporal instead of The Pilgrim until the end of the time for which they have paid." [Little Corporal, 8 (June 1869): 92]

absorbed: Friend of Youth ; 1849-Oct 1852

absorbed by: The Little Corporal ; July 1865-April 1875

source of information: 1854-1866, scattered issues & volumes; The Little Corporal, June 1869; Lyon

available: microfilm: Nineteenth-century children's periodicals. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1979.
• excerpts in Lessons of War: The Civil War in Children's Magazines, ed. James Marten. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1998.

bibliography: Notice. The Little Forester 1 (Feb 1854): 13. online
"L." [Leander Lippincott] "The Friend of Youth." The Little Pilgrim, 1 (March 1854): 21.
"Grace Greenwood." [Sarah J. Lippincott] "A Mother's Good Bye." The Little Corporal, 8 (June 1869): 91.
• "The Little Pilgrim: A Distinguished Recruit." The Little Corporal, 8 (June 1869): 92.
• Eleanor Weakley Nolen. "Nineteenth Century Children's Magazines." The Horn Book Magazine. 15 (January/February 1939): 55-60.
• Mabel F. Altstetter. "Early American Magazines for Children." Peabody Journal of Education 19 (Nov 1941); p. 132.
• Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 214-220.
• Children's Periodicals of the United States, ed. R. Gordon Kelly. Westport, CT & London, England: Greenwood Press, 1984.
• James Marten. "For the Good, the True, and the Beautiful: Northern Children's Magazines and the Civil War." Civil War History 41 (March 1995): 57-75.
• Lessons of War: The Civil War in Children's Magazines, ed. James Marten. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1998.

The Little Wolverine ; May-August 1854

edited by: Mrs. C. M. Sheldon

published: Detroit, MI

frequency: monthly

description: 30¢/ year

• Only four issues

source of information: Casket; Farmer; Lyon

bibliography: Notice. The Youth's Casket. 3 (June 1854): 149. online

•Silas Farmer. History of Detroit and Wayne County and Early Michigan, 3rd ed. Detroit: Silas Farmer & Co., 1890; p. 677.

• Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 145-146, 151.

Youth's Galaxy ; 1854

edited by: "Obadiah Oldfellow"

published: New York, NY: E. H. Fletcher; publisher at 117 Nassau St.
• New York, NY: Benjamin Eli.
• Lyon describes two copies in different states: "In an undated copy at the Rare Book Room, Library of Congress, the publisher is given as Benjamin Eli of New York. A duplicate volume in the New York Public Library is dated 1854, and the publisher is given as E. H. Fletcher." [p. 145]

frequency: monthly

description: 36 pp.; page size, 7.5" h x 5.75" w
• Apparent reprint of Parley's Magazine (16 March 1833-1844); another reprint by Fletcher appeared in 1857
• Only 6 issues?
• At the bottom of the last page is printed "End of vol. 1," but no later volumes have been located
• Available as a bound volume in 1857: "The Youth's Galaxy is a finely illustrated book for the young. It treats upon a great variety of subjects--a sort of little Encyclopedia. The price is 75 cents, and it is published by Edward H. Fletcher, 29 Ann Street, N. Y." [Republication of Parley's Magazine. 2 (1857): 10.]

relevant quote: Introduction: "Now I call this new work the 'Galaxy,' because I intend to crowd it full of all manner of bright things. I name it the 'Youth's Galaxy,' because I mean to fill it with things which will be particularly bright to the eye of the young. ... Ample materials are at my command; all my lifetime have I been accumulating them. I shall aim to make this publication, not in name only, but in truth, a literary and moral 'Youth's Galaxy.'" [1 (Jan? 1854): 8]

source of information: 1854 bound volume; Lyon

bibliography: Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 144-145.

The Children's Friend ; 1854-1904 • Friend for Boys and Girls ; 1905-1917

cover/masthead: 1861-1862, 1864 | 1869

edited by: 1861-1862, J. Ellis • 1864, E. W. Humphreys

published: Dayton, OH: Telescope Office, 1854-1904. Dayton, OH: S. Vonnieda. Dayton, OH: United Brethren Printing Establishment, 1869. • Eaton, OH: Gospel Herald Office, 1864.

description: 1854: 25¢/ year
• 1861-1862, 1864, 1869, 4 pp.; page size, 14.75" h x 10.75" w. Prices, 1 copy, 30¢/ year; 5 copies, $1.25/ year; 10 copies, $2.50/ year; 100 copies, $24/ year

frequency: 1861-1862, 1864: twice/ month

absorbed: Missionary Visitor • Children's Visitor (1865-1901)

continued by: Boys' Friend (1918-1927) and Girls' Friend (1918-1927)

source of information: 1861 issue; 1862, 1864, 1869 scattered issues; Casket; Batsel; AAS catalog

available: excerpts in Lessons of War: The Civil War in Children's Magazines, ed. James Marten. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1998.

bibliography: Notice. The Youth's Casket. 3 (June 1854): 149. online
• Lessons of War: The Civil War in Children's Magazines, ed. James Marten. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1998.

The Little Forester ; Jan 1854-1855?

cover/masthead: 1854

edited by: Jan-July 1854, Howard Durham • Aug 1854, Howard Durham, William T. Coggeshall, & Coates Kinney • Sept 1854, Mary M. Coggeshall

published: Cincinnati, OH: Howard Durham, Jan-July 1854. • Cincinnati, OH: C. S. Abbott & Co., Aug 1854. • Cincinnati, OH: William T. Coggeshall, Sept 1854-1855?.

frequency: monthly; 2 vol/ year

description: 1854: 8 pp.; paper size, 11.75" h x 9" w. Prices: Jan-Oct 1854, 25¢/ year; Nov-Dec 1854, 50¢/ year

relevant quotes: The first issue was produced under difficulties: "The present number of the Little Forester is not a fair specimen of what the future numbers will be, except in size and form. The office in which we get our work printed is but just recovering from the recent strike of the jour. printers, and it was with the utmost difficulty that we could get any type set for it. The next number will challenge comparison with any similar publication. It will contain original contributions from several of the first writers in the West...." [1 (Jan 1853): 4]

• The Forester gained new editors as some literary sparring broke out. At first, all was decorous: "The readers of the Little Forester will observe that the name of Mr. Durham has disappeared from its columns, and that two names take its place. [Note: Durham's name was still on the masthead for this issue.] Mr. Durham has withdrawn to engage in other enterprises, and his place is filled by Mr. Coggeshall and Mr. Kinney. Very likely you have all read Mr. Coggeshall's stories, and Mr. Kinney's poetry, ... so that you will not feel that they are exactly strangers to you." [2 (Aug 1854): 20.] The next issue was another matter, with C. S. Abbott inserting a few intriguing paragraphs in largish type: "We caution the public against being influenced by a circular, issued by Mr. Howard Durham. We have found him unworthy of confidence. Influenced by editorial jealousy, he suddenly deserted his post and violated all his engagements with us. Now he undertakes the labor, as he himself expresses it, of 'sinking us in an infamous oblivion.' ... We must be excused from replying to an individual who asserts that he 'could bring us to justice by course of law,' but instead of that proper remedy, proceeds recklessly to assail us with gross and criminal libel. In the future the public will have cause to thank us for this brief word of caution." ["Caution." 2 (Sept 1854): 30.]

relevant information: In 1853, Durham also published The Genius of the West, which provided some material for the Forester. He was long a proponent of the "phonetic alphabet" and provided about a page of material in each issue of the Forester printed using that orthography. Durham did the same in his other publications, including The Western Gem and The Little Traveler. The result was at least one nearly indecipherable page in every issue. (The phonetic alphabet had other adherents in Cincinnati: Longley & Brother published several works in the alphabet in 1849 and 1850; see the Morgan Bibliography of Ohio Imprints, 1796-1850, at olc7.ohiolink.edu/morgan.)

• Durham was pleased with the rate of subscribing in the first months: "The Little Forester is going ahead finely, and has received some days as high as forty and fifty subscribers." [1 (Feb 1854): 12]

• Mary Coggeshall offered readers more than her editorial talents: "We wish to be the personal friend of each reader of the Little Forester and we will esteem it a privilege to select for and send to mothers any books, toys, or information concerning dress, which they may wish from the city and can order through us. Children ask your mothers what the 'Forester' Editor can send you." [2 (Oct 1854): 36]

merged with: Youth's Friend ; July 1846-April 1858

source of information: 1854 issues; Garwood; Lyon; AAS

bibliography: Irving Garwood. American Periodicals from 1850 to 1860. Macomb, IL: Irving Garwood, 1931; p. 24.
• Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 146-147.

Schuylkill County School Journal ; Jan 1854-

published: Pottsville, PA: Benjamin Bannen

frequency: monthly

description: Page size, 10.25" h

source of information: AAS catalog; OCLC

Juvenile Temperance Watchman (also Juvenile Watchman) ; 2 Jan 1854-

edited by: Howard Owen

published: Brunswick, ME: Howard Owen.

frequency: semimonthly

description: Newspaper format

source of information: Lyon; OCLC

bibliography: Irving Garwood. American Periodicals from 1850 to 1860. Macomb, IL: Irving Garwood, 1931.
• Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 146.

Monthly Instructor and Fire Side Companion ; July 1854-June 1855 • Forrester's Playmate ; Jan 1854-Dec 1858 • Youth's Casket and Playmate ; Jan 1859-after April 1867

cover/masthead: Playmate | Casket & Playmate

edited by: Dexter S. King ("Mark Forrester")

published: Boston, MA: William Guild & Co., 1854-1867. Publisher at 156 Washington St., Aug 1855-Feb 1860; at 109 Washington St., April-Aug 1860; at 5 Water St., Aug 1862; at 15 Water St., July 1864-April 1865; at 33 School St., May 1865-Feb 1867; at 134 Washington St., April 1867.

frequency: monthly; 2 vol/ year

description: 32 pp.; page size, 8" h x 5.5" w
• Prices: 1855-1857, 10¢/ issue; 1 copy, $1/ year in advance, $1.25/ year otherwise; 4 copies, $3/ year; 10 copies, $7/ year. 1859, $1.25/ year; $1/ year in advance. 1860, 1 copy, $1.25/ year, $1/ year in advance; 3 copies (67¢/ issue), $2/ year; 10 copies (60¢/ issue), $6/ year; 20 copies (50¢/ issue), $10/ year. April 1865-March 1866, 1 copy, $1.25/ year in advance; 5 copies, $5/ year; specimen copy, 10¢. April 1866-April 1867, 1 copy, $1.50/ year in advance; 5 copies, $6/ year; specimen copy, 10¢
• Also referred to as The Playmate and Instructor. Bound volumes of Youth's Casket and Playmate also titled Forrester's Playmate
• May have missed three issues between 1860 & 1862: vol 16 begins with April 1862
• Double issues: Nov/Dec 1864 (48 pp.); Dec 1865/Jan 1866 (72 pp.)
• Vol 25 begins with Jan 1867

absorbed: Sargent's School Monthly ; Jan-Nov? 1858: "Epes Sargent, Esq., recently editor and publisher of Sargent's School Monthly, having transferred that work to us, will become a contributor to the pages of the Playmate during the coming year. It is but justice to say, that his popularity as a writer for the young will add greatly to the value of our Magazine." [Forrester's Playmate 9 (Dec 1858): 189]

source of information: Aug 1855-Ap 1867, scattered issues & bound volumes; Lyon

available: excerpts in Lessons of War: The Civil War in Children's Magazines, ed. James Marten. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1998.

bibliography: Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 221-223.
• Lessons of War: The Civil War in Children's Magazines, ed. James Marten. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1998.

The Little Traveler ; Nov 1854-after Dec 1854

cover/masthead: 1854

edited by: Howard Durham • John W. Henley

published: Cincinnati, OH: Howard Durham.

frequency: monthly

description: 8 pp.; page size, 12" h x 9" w; prices: 1 copy, 50¢/ year; 3 copies, $1/ year; 10 copies, $3/ year; 20 copies, $5/ year
• Jan 1855 would begin volume 2: "Finding that our present edition will not be equal to the demand, we have concluded to commence a new volume with our January number, in order to enlarge the size of our monthly editions, so that subscribers may have all the numbers complete from the beginning of the volume; and also, in order that subscriptions may begin and end with the volumes, we will send to all subscribers who began with the November number, the whole of the twelve numbers for 1855--thus giving them fourteen numbers instead of twelve; and we will send to all new subscribers commencing with January, the copies for November and December, so long as the editions may hold out, which, however, from present prospects will not be very long." ["The Little Traveler for 1855." 1 (Dec 1854): 12.]

relevant quotes: Prospectus: "Our design is to furnish a pleasant, moral, literary paper for the young." [1 (Nov 1854): 5.]

• Durham was rather blunter than many editors about the economic promise of publishing a periodical: "Well, who ever saw a nicer or more appropriate heading for a Young People's Paper? It can't be surpassed anywhere in our opinion. It cost us a good big 'pile' of money, and it will take quite a number of subscribers to renumerate us for this outlay; but one thing we are certain of--it will after all, be a cheap heading, for the Little Traveler will 'walk right into the affections' of all the folks, both big and little." ["Our Heading." 1 (Nov 1854): 5.]

relevant information: Business for the Traveler was handled by John W. Henley.

• Durham was long a proponent of the "phonetic alphabet" and provided in each issue of the Traveler about a page of material printed using that orthography. (He did the same in his other publications, including The Western Gem [for adults] and The Little Forester.) The result was at least one nearly indecipherable page in every issue. (The phonetic alphabet had other adherents in Cincinnati: Longley & Brother published several works in the alphabet in 1849 and 1850; see the Morgan Bibliography of Ohio Imprints, 1796-1850, at olc7.ohiolink.edu/morgan.)

• The Traveler seems to have been published as a result of some literary warfare: from January through July of 1854, Durham edited The Little Forester; his name appeared in the masthead of the August issue, along with the names of two new editors. In September, however, the Forester's new publisher inserted some intriguing paragraphs in the largest type in that issue: "We caution the public against being influenced by a circular, issued by Mr. Howard Durham. We have found him unworthy of confidence. Influenced by editorial jealousy, he suddenly deserted his post and violated all his engagements with us. Now he undertakes the labor, as he himself expresses it, of 'sinking us in an infamous oblivion.' ... We must be excused from replying to an individual who asserts that he 'could bring us to justice by course of law,' but instead of that proper remedy, proceeds recklessly to assail us with gross and criminal libel. In the future the public will have cause to thank us for this brief word of caution." ["Caution." The Little Forester 2 (Sept 1854): 30.]

source of information: 1854 issues

Schul- und Jugend-Zeitung (School and young people's newspaper); about 1855

edited by: Carl Beyschlag

published: Cincinnati, OH: Carl Beyschlag.

description: German-language periodical

source of information: Arndt; Fraser

bibliography: Karl J. R. Arndt & May E. Olson. German-American Newspapers and Periodicals: 1732-1955. Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer Publishers, 1961.
• Sybille Fraser. "German Language Children's and Youth Periodicals in North America: A Checklist." Phaedrus 6 (Spring 1979): 27-31.

Sunday School Visitor ; 1855-1898? • The Children's Visitor ; 1890s • The Visitor

published: Charleston, SC?
• Nashville, TN: Stevenson & Owen, for the Methodist Episcopal Church, South.

frequency: weekly

description: Vol. 2, #9 is 1 Jan 1857

continued by: Haversack (1922-1936) and Torchbearer (1922-1936)

source of information: OCLC; Batsel

The Children's Book of Choice and Entertaining Reading for the Little Folks at Home ; Jan 1855-April 1860

edited by: Jan 1855-1859, "Uncle Robin"; "Aunt Alice"
• 1860, George C. Connor

published: Nashville, TN: Graves, Marks & Co., Jan 1855-1860.

frequency: monthly

description: Jan-Dec 1855: 32 pp.; price, $1/ year

continued by: Youth's Magazine ; April 1860-April 1861

source of information: Kelly

bibliography: Children's Periodicals of the United States, ed. R. Gordon Kelly. Westport, CT & London, England: Greenwood Press, 1984.
• Mary D. Manning. "'Trust Not Appearances': Admonitory Pieces from Two Tennessee Juvenile Periodicals of the 1850s." University of Mississippi Studies in English. 5 (1984-1987): 131-139.

The Student and Schoolmate ; Nov 1855-1865 • The Student and Schoolmate, and Forrester's Boy's and Girl's Magazine ; 1865-1866 • The Student and Schoolmate ; 1866-1871 • The Schoolmate ; 1872

cover/masthead: 1857 | 1862-1864 | 1867 | 1869

edited by: Nov 1855-1856, A. R. Phippen; Norman A. Calkins.
• 1856-1857, A. R. Pope; Norman A. Calkins
• 1857-1862, Norman A. Calkins; A. R. Pope, associate ed.
• 1858-1862, Norman A. Calkins; Francis Forrester ("Father Forrester") & William T. Adams ("Oliver Optic"), associate ed.
• 1858-1862, Francis Forrester, associate ed.
• 1861-1864, William T. Adams.
• 1864-1872, Joseph H. Allen.

published: New York, NY: Calkins & Stiles, Nov 1855-July 1858; publisher at 348 Broadway, 1856-1858. New York, NY: N. A. Calkins, Aug 1858-June 1864; publisher at 348 Broadway, Aug 1858-Feb 1860; publisher at 135 Grand St., Jan 1861-April 1864; publisher at 130 Grand St., May-June 1864. New York, NY: Schermerhorn, Bancroft, & Co., Aug-Dec 1864. New York, NY: American News Co., Feb-Nov 1867.
• Boston, MA: James Robinson, Nov 1855-1856? Boston, MA: Robinson and Richardson, 1856-April 1857. Boston, MA: James Robinson & Co., June 1857-Oct 1859; publisher at 119 Washington St., 1857-Oct 1859. April 1858-Nov 1859, printed by George C. Rand & Avery, 3 Cornhill. Boston, MA: Robinson, Greene & Co., Nov 1859-Feb 1860; publisher at 120 Washington St., Nov 1859-Feb 1860. Boston, MA: Galen James & Co., 1861-1863; publisher at 15 Cornhill. Boston, MA: Joseph H. Allen, 1864-1872; publisher at 119 Washington St., 1864; publisher at 203 Washington St., 1867-1869.

frequency: monthly; 2 vol/ year
• 1855-1857, vol begins in Nov & May; 1858-1872, vol begins in Jan & July

description: 1855-1864: 36 pp.; page size untrimmed, 8.5" h x 5.75" w; price, $1/ year
• 1867, 40 pp.; page size untrimmed, 9" h x 6" w. Price, 15¢ each; $1.50/ year
• 1869, title on cover: The Schoolmate ; 48 pp.; page size, 9" h x 6" w. Price, 15¢ each; $1.50/ year

variations: Individual issues show a surprising number of differences.
• Sept 1857 issue apparently published in Boston marked "Vol 4, new series," while the same issue apparently published in New York simply reads, "Vol 4"
• Copy of Oct 1858 issue numbered vol 6, #4 consists of pp. 109-144; another copy of Oct 1858 numbered vol 6, #6 consists of pp. 181-216
• Title on cover of Feb 1868 & April 1869 reads The Schoolmate

absorbed: Forrester's Boys' and Girls' Magazine, and Fireside Companion ; Jan 1848-Dec 1857

source of information: 1857-1864, 1867, scattered issues; April 1869 issue; 1861-1871, bound volumes; Lyon; Kelly

available: excerpts in Lessons of War: The Civil War in Children's Magazines, ed. James Marten. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1998.
• excerpts online

bibliography: Notice. The Children's Friend (West Chester, PA) 3 (Eleventh month 1868): 356. online
• Harriet L. Matthews. "Children's Magazines." Bulletin of Bibliography. 1 (April 1899): 133-6.
• Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 224-228.
• Children's Periodicals of the United States, ed. R. Gordon Kelly. Westport, CT & London, England: Greenwood Press, 1984.
• James Marten. "For the Good, the True, and the Beautiful: Northern Children's Magazines and the Civil War." Civil War History 41 (March 1995): 57-75.
• Lessons of War: The Civil War in Children's Magazines, ed. James Marten. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1998.

Die Glocke (The bell); about 1856-1900?

published: Cincinnati, OH: L. Swormstedt & A. Poe, 1856-7 June 1860.
• Cincinnati, OH: A. Poe & L. Hitchcock, 14 June 1860-1865?
• Cincinnati, OH: Hitchcock & Walden, 1866?-July? 1880.
• Arndt lists later publishers

frequency: weekly

description: 4 pp.; large quarto • German-language periodical
• Organ of the German Methodist Church

source of information: Arndt; Fraser

bibliography: Karl J. R. Arndt & May E. Olson. German-American Newspapers and Periodicals: 1732-1955. Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer Publishers, 1961.
• Sybille Fraser. "German Language Children's and Youth Periodicals in North America: A Checklist." Phaedrus 6 (Spring 1979): 27-31.

Der Christliche Kinderzeitung (Christian children's friend); 1856-1876?

published: Cleveland, OH: W. F. Schneider, 1856?-1870?

frequency: 1856-1871, monthly; 1872-1876, semimonthly

description: 4 pp.; small folio
• German-language periodical

source of information: Arndt; Fraser

bibliography: Karl J. R. Arndt & May E. Olson. German-American Newspapers and Periodicals: 1732-1955. Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer Publishers, 1961.
• Sybille Fraser. "German Language Children's and Youth Periodicals in North America: A Checklist." Phaedrus 6 (Spring 1979): 27-31.

The Young Spectator ; 15 Third month (March)-24 Fifth month (May) 1856

edited by: Norwood Penrose Hallowell

published: Philadelphia, PA: Norwood Penrose Hallowell.

frequency: semimonthly

description: Page size, 11" h • Society of Friends (Quaker) focus • 6 issues total

source of information: NUC; OCLC

Young America ; March 1856-after March 1858

edited by: 1856-1857, G. M. Dillworth • 1858, W. H. Whitehead

published: West Chester, PA: G. M. Dillworth, 1856-1857; at the "office of the Republican & Democrat, North High Street, next door to Agricultural Warehouse" • West Chester, PA: S. L. Tucker, 1858.

frequency: monthly

description: 1856-Jan 1857: 4 pp.; page size untrimmed, 9.25" h x 6.5" w; price, 25¢/ year • 1857-1858: 4 pp.; page size untrimmed, 12" h x 9.25" w; price, 25¢/year
• Dec 1856 is vol 1 #9; May 1857 is vol 2 #2 (whole #14); March 1858 is vol 1 #12 (whole #24)
• May-July 1857 contains the only serial to appear in the periodical: "A Villain Foiled," by D. C. M. F. X. V.

relevant quote: "In the local column of the Public Ledger, some time ago we noticed a very flashy, (that is to say it was calculated to attract much attention,) notice of a little monthly paper, like our own, called 'The Young Examiner,' was published by two boys, the eldest of whom was only seventeen. Now we do not feel inclined to envy these young men, but still, we do not think there is anything to very extraordinary about their publishing a paper, for there are two of them, and there is only one of us, and we too are only seventeen, and a leetle more. Some, we suppose, will say if you are only one, why do you use the plural in speaking of yourself. We mean, simply, me and my paper, thus making two. ... The question is: 'Is there anything so very remarkable in the fact, that two boys, in the city of Philadelphia, (where they certainly have greater advantages than we have, here in the country,) publish, "The Young Examiner," [sic] when one boy, in the borough of West Chester, publishes "Young America"' (And here permit us to say that this one boy sets all his own type and works off his own paper, on a hand press, besides writing editorials, selecting copy and doing all the etcetras which belong to the publishing of a newspaper.)" (May 1857, p. 3)

source of information: Dec 1856-March 1858, scattered issues (located in Chester County Historical Society, West Chester, PA); Kelly

bibliography: Children's Periodicals of the United States, ed. R. Gordon Kelly. Westport, CT & London, England: Greenwood Press, 1984.

Der Lämmer-Hirte (also Der Lämmerhirt, Der Lämmer Hirte, Der Lammerhirte) (Shepherd of the young); 1857-1940

edited by: 1857?-1875?, J. C. Beinhauer • 1864: Imanuel Boehringer

published: Philadelphia, PA: August Pohlig & Co.
• Chambersburg, PA
• Cleveland, OH: Deutsches Verlagshaus.
All for the Deutsch-Reformirte Kirche in den Vereinigten Staaten

frequency: 1857-1875, monthly • 1875-1940, semimonthly

description: 4 pp. • German-language periodical
• 1864: Page size, 9.25" h • AAS copy is 15 April 1864, marked vol 2 #4
• OCLC describes a copy which is 15 volumes in one; beginning date is 1857; Arndt lists a beginning date of 1858, but questions it; therefore, I have listed the beginning date as 1857.
• Circulation: 1871, 9000; 1880, 7000

absorbed: Der Morgenstern

source of information: OCLC; AAS catalog; Arndt

bibliography: Karl J. R. Arndt & May E. Olson. German-American Newspapers and Periodicals: 1732-1955. Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer Publishers, 1961.

Republication of Parley's Magazine ; 1857

edited by: "Uncle Stephen"

published: New York, NY: Edward H. Fletcher; publisher at 29 Ann St.

frequency: biweekly? (early issues); monthly; 2 vol/ year

description: 16 pp.? (early issues); 48 pp.? (later issues); page size, 9" h x 5.25" w; price, 10¢/ each, $1/ year in advance
• Stereotyped pages from the original Parley's Magazine were reprinted inside elaborate borders which enlarge the page size to match that of other children's magazines of the 1850s. Individual issues are almost impossible to discern in the bound volume

relevant quotes: "It is gratifying to observe that in these times of financial trouble and difficulty, the periodical literature of land [sic] suffers no more. ... Uncle Stephen greets some new acquaintance every month, and though our magazine commences in times of adversity, yet it steadily gains its way." [1 (1857): 127]

• "This Magazine is just what its title purports:--1st. A re-print of the old Parley's Magazine excepting some articles of a temporary or local character, relating to the time when they were published: 2nd. New Matter, Editorials, &c., by the present Editor ('Uncle Stephen.') That Parley's Magazine was the best work of the kind that has ever been published is so palpable as to need no demonstration. In re-editing, every thing valuable in 'modern improvement,' will be availed of, and a work presented that on the whole shall give back to the subscribers a full equivalent for his little outlay." [title page]

• "Uncle Stephen feels gratified by the success of the Magazine. The publisher has been obliged to re-print the September number, which he was very happy to do." ["Our Prospects." 2 (1857): 47)

source of information: bound volume

Pioneer ; 1857-1858

edited by: W. G. Reed; J. B. Gardner

published: Roxbury, CT

description: 3 volumes

source of information: Lyon

bibliography: Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 147.

Young Reaper • The Young Reaper ; Jan 1857-1908?

cover/masthead: 1857 | 1859 | 1869-1871

edited by: B. Griffith • B. Griffith and A. E. Dickinson, Jan 1871-?

published: Philadelphia, PA: American Baptist Publication Society, Jan 1857-1908? 1857, publisher at 118 Arch St.; 1869-1871, publisher at 530 Arch St. • Boston, MA: American Baptist Publication Society, 1857; publisher at 79 Cornhill. • New York, NY: American Baptist Publication Society, 1869-1871; publisher at 76 E. Ninth St. • Chicago, IL: American Baptist Publication Society, 1869-1871; July-Aug 1869, publisher at 38 Lombard Block; Sept 1869-March 1871, publisher at 7 Custom House Place • St. Louis, MO: American Baptist Publication Society, 1869-1871; publisher at 209 N. Ninth St.

frequency: 1857, monthly • later, monthly & semimonthly • 1 vol/ year

description: 1857: 4 pp.; page size, 15" h x 10.5" w. Prices: 1-19 copies, 13¢ each/ year; 20-49 copies, 10¢ each/ year; 50-99 copies, 9¢ each/ year; 100+ copies, 8¢ each/ year
• 1859: 4 pp.; page size, 13.75" h x 10" w. Prices: semimonthly: 1 copy, 25¢/ year; 10-49 copies, 10¢ each/ year; 10-99 copies, 9¢ each/ year; 100+ copies, 8¢ each/ year. monthly: 10 copies, $1/ year; 15 copies, $1.50/ year; 20 copies, $2/ year
• 1869-1871: 4 pp.; page size untrimmed, 14" h x 10" w. Prices: monthly: 1 copy, 50¢/ year; 10+ copies, 12¢/ year. semi-monthly: 1 copy, 75#162/ year; 10+ copies, 24¢/ year

• Baptist focus

relevant information: Like most religious publications, the Reaper wasn't intended to make a profit: "[T]he Society publishes this paper at cost. After much gratuitous labor, if it can be made to pay for itself, we ask no more. But it will not do this without a large increase in its circulation. Our estimate of its expenses is based upon the issue of 100,000 copies. ... As this is the only Baptist Sabbath-school paper in the country, we desire to make it all that our schools can ask, and we solicit in return their patronage." ["A Word to Our Friends." May 1857: 18.]

apparently continues: The Young Reaper (Jan 1844-1856?): May 1857 issue of the Reaper is new series vol 1, #5, whole number 161. The 1844 Reaper was monthly and if it ran until the end of 1856 would have had 156 issues.

source of information: 1857, 1859, 1869-1871 scattered issues; OCLC

bibliography: Notice. Sabbath School Messenger 8 (20 June 1844): p. 15.

Youth's Cabinet and Little Joker ; April 1857-after June 1857

cover/masthead: 1857

edited by: "Uncle Ezekiel Loveyouth" [Joseph F. Witherell]

published: Dexter, ME

frequency: monthly; "the first of every month"

description: 4 pp.; folio; page size untrimmed, 15.25" h x 10.75" w. Price: 25¢/ year • Pages in the June 1857 issue are not numbered

relevant quote: "The Youth's Cabinet & Little Joker [i]s a first class Juvenile Paper, devoted to pure and elegant literature, presented in a form adapted to the tastes and capacities of youth. Each number will contain a carefully selected and tastefully arranged Melange of Tales, Sketches, Poetry, Essays, Enigmas, Puzzles, Editorials, &c. &c. And as "A little nonsense now and then,/ Is relished by the best of men," we conclude it will not be repugnant to the literary palates of our young friends, we shall, therefore, devote a portion of the paper to Anecdotes, Wit, Humor, &c." ["The Youth's Cabinet & Little Joker." Youth's Cabinet and Little Joker. 1 (June 1857): 4]

relevant information: Witherell edited Uncle Ezekiel's Youth's Cabinet (May 1844-15 March 1846?), published in Concord, New Hampshire. After moving his family to Maine, Witherell opened a printing shop and published The Gem and Literary Gazette for adults. In 1857, the front page of the Gem bore an amusing resemblance to that of the Cabinet, with the same borders, the same font in the masthead, and the same "Poet's Boudoir" at the top of column one.

• Regularly advertised in the Gem in 1857, the Cabinet is not mentioned in issues for 1859; probably it had folded.

• "The Little Joker" was a regular column in The Gem and Literary Gazette.

• The names and addresses of subscribers were published in each issue. The 100 subscribers listed in the June 1857 issue were mostly from Maine; a handful of subscribers were from Massachusetts, and one was from Grand Rapids, Michigan.

• New subscribers were promised a veritable avalanche of premiums, distributed in a complex method. Premiums included "Ten Bound Volumes Little Joker" (an illustrated collection of humorous stories which may have appeared originally in the Gem), "Ten Bound Volumes Youth's Cabinet" (a 92-page collection of stories, poems, and other pieces which may have appeared earlier in Uncle Ezekiel's Youth's Cabinet), and one year of The Schoolfellow. Unfortunately for Witherell, the Schoolfellow merged with Robert Merry's Museum in September 1857.

source of information: June 1857 issue; scrapbook & vertical file articles, & pieces in The Gem and Literary Gazette, all at the Dexter Historical Society, Dexter, Maine

Clark's School Visitor ; 1 April 1857-1866 • Our Schoolday Visitor ; 1867-1870 • Schoolday Visitor ; 1871-1872 • Schoolday Magazine; for all Homes and Schools ; 1872-15 April 1875

cover/masthead: 1869

edited by: 1 April 1857-1868, Alexander Clark.
• 1867, William Clark ("Uncle Charlie"); Emily R. Freeman.
• 1868-April 1875, William Clark; Mr. J. W. Daughaday; Mr. J. A. Becker; Alice Hawthorne (music dept.)

published: Steubenville, OH.
• Cleveland, OH.
• Pittsburgh, PA.
• Philadelphia, PA: J. W. Daughaday, 1860-1875. Philadelphia, PA: Daughaday & Becker, 1869; publisher at 424 Walnut St.

frequency: monthly

description: 1864: 16 pp.; octavo; price, 50¢/ year.
• 1867: price, 75¢/ year
• 1869: 32 pp.; page size untrimmed, 10" h x 7" w; price, $1.25/ year

absorbed by: St. Nicholas ; Nov 1873-Feb 1940, 1943

source of information: Aug 1869 issue; Lyon; OCLC

bibliography: Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 229-235.

The Child's Magazine ; May 1857-April 1858

cover/masthead: 1857-1858

edited by: Mary Bartol

published: Portland, ME: George R. Davis & Bro., 1857-1858; printed Ira Berry, Corner Fore & Exchange Streets

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year; volume begins with May issue

description: 36 pp.; page size untrimmed, 8" h x 5" w; price, $1/ year in advance

relevant quote: Prospectus: "The Child's Magazine is offered to the Public, in the hope that its aim may be successful. The Editor will strive to present, in its pages, articles of a serious and agreeable nature, such as may attract the fancy and fix the attention of the young. Stories, miscellaneous matter, and anecdotes of animals will appear in its numbers. In the former will be given examples of moral principle, as applied to daily, practical life; in the miscellany will be offered what may be gleaned from the stores of wise minds, both of the past and present age; and in anecdotes of animals, will be illustrated, in the department of Natural History, that wonderful system of Divine Providence which 'careth for the sparrow' and 'clothes the lilies of the field.' ... Subscriptions may be addressed to Ira Berry, Printer, corner Fore and Exchange Streets, Portland." [vol 1; back cover]

source of information: Nov 1857 issue; Feb 1858 issue; Lyon; AAS catalog; NYPL catalog

bibliography: Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 147.

Boys' Monthly Gazette ; May 1857-April 1858?

edited by: James H. Lee

published: Charleston, MA: James H. Lee.

description: Page size, 7" h

source of information: OCLC

Young America ; June 1857-after June 1858?

edited by: John Hageman

published: Cincinnati, OH: John Hageman.

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: Page size, 11.75" h

source of information: OCLC

The Catholic Youth's Magazine ; Sept 1857-Aug 1861

published: Baltimore, MD: J. Murphy. Baltimore, MD: John Murphy & Co.

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: 1857: 32 pp.; page size, 6" h x 4.5" w

relevant quote: "In presenting to the public a Magazine designed for the use of Catholic youth, it is unnecessary to enlarge on the manifold reasons which demand its publication. Every one conversant with the spirit of the times, and the strenuous efforts which are made to pervert the minds of Catholic youth and to draw them from the Church, will readily admit its importance. Those especially having charge of youth, have experienced the want of such a periodical, and have earnestly solicited its publication. They have witnessed with regret, that while the children of other denominations have been abundantly supplied with Sunday school journals, magazines, and other periodicals adapted to their age, no similar works have been provided for Catholic youth. In this respect we should not permit our neighbors to surpass us. Catholic youth should have a work which they could call their own; one which they would prize, and whose periodical visits they would look forward to with pleasure." ["Introduction." 1 (Sept 1857): 1]

source of information: 1857-1858 vol; AAS catalog; OCLC

bibliography: Eleanor Weakley Nolen. "Nineteenth Century Children's Magazines." The Horn Book Magazine. 15 (January/February 1939): 55-60.

The Young American ; 7 Oct 1857-1 Sept 1858

edited by: W. G. Wilson

published: Brookline, MA: Sampson & Phillips.

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: Page size, 11" h • Newspaper format

source of information: NUC; OCLC

The Excelsior ; 1858

edited by: W. L. Richardson; G. B. Kettell

published: Boston, MA: S. H. Porter, 1858.

frequency: biweekly

description: newspaper format; vol 1, #7 is 1 June 1858

merged with: Young America Monthly Magazine (Jan-Dec 1858) to form Young America and Excelsior ; Feb-April 1859?

source of information: OCLC

The Orphans' Friend ; 1858-after 1882

edited by: 1866, Mrs. J. W. Wilkie

published: Auburn, NY: Cayuga County Orphan Asylum Board of Managers, 1866. • Auburn, NY: Cayuga Asylum for Destitute Children, 1882.

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: May 1866 is vol 9 #4; March 1882 is vol 25 #3

source of information: AAS catalog; OCLC

The Sparkling Fount ; 1858-

published: Boston, MA: McCurdy & Weston

description: Page size, 9.25" h
• Temperance focus

source of information: AAS catalog

The Young Christian Soldier ; 1858-1881?

edited by: 1875-1876, A. T. Twing

published: New York, NY: Domestic Missions, Protestant Episcopal Church.

frequency: weekly & monthly editions

description: Page size, 15.25" h

source of information: AAS catalog

Sargent's School Monthly ; Jan-Nov? 1858

edited by: Epes Sargent

published: Boston, MA: Philips, Sampson & Co.

frequency: monthly

description: Jan-May, 32 pp.; June-Nov, 44 pp.?; page size, 9.25" h x 6" w

• An "especial edition" was printed for subscribers in California. [1 (March 1858): 96]

• My bound volume has only the Jan-June issues marked with the month; later issues are difficult to distinguish.

relevant quote: The aim of the magazine was education: "[W]e shall aim to make the work an agreeable and useful medium of communication for the advancement of all the widely-extended school interests of our common country. ... The present work, comprehending in the class to which it appeals every family which sends a single member to school, as well as every teacher in a school or academy, and being the organ of no local organization, will reach, we hope, intelligent minds in every part of the Union, and ths enable us to communicate on educational subjects with an almost unlimited number of interested readers.. ... Although, bearing in mind that we are to be read by the young as well as the adult, we shall deal more in facts and images than in speculations, we still hope to find room for much that shall prove suggestive and and valuable to the earnest and inquiring teacher." [1 (Jan 1858): 31]

merged with: Forrester's Playmate ; 1854-1867

relevant quote: • On the merger with Forrester's: "Epes Sargent, Esq., recently editor and publisher of Sargent's School Monthly, having transferred that work to us, will become a contributor to the pages of the Playmate during the coming year. It is but justice to say, that his popularity as a writer for the young will add greatly to the value of our Magazine." [Forrester's Playmate 9 (Dec 1858): 189]

source of information: bound volume; Lyon; OCLC; Forrester's Playmate

bibliography: Notice. Forrester's Playmate. 9 (Dec 1858); p. 189.
•Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; p. 147.

Young America Monthly Magazine ; Jan-Dec 1858

published: Boston, MA: Richardson & Andrews.
• Boston, MA: W. G. Reed & J. B. Gardner.
• Boston, MA: Israel Moody. • Boston, MA: Richardson & Reed. [from NUC]

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: Page size, 7.5" h

merged with: The Excelsior (1858) to form Young America and Excelsior ; Feb-April 1859?

source of information: AAS catalog; NUC

Young People's Monthly ; 15 July-Dec 1858

edited by: Martha M. Thomas

published: Cincinnati, OH: J. K. Alpaugh, 15 July-Dec 1858.

frequency: monthly

description: Page size, 9.75" h

source of information: AAS catalog; OCLC

Band of Hope Visitor ; 1859

published: Rockland, ME: Z. Pope Vose.

frequency: monthly

description: AAS has proposal: 25¢/ year in advance
• Temperance focus
• Apparently never published

source of information: AAS catalog

Children's Friend ; 1859-1873?

published: Nashville, TN

description: Page size, 13.75" h • Baptist focus

source of information: AAS catalog; OCLC

Die Taube (The dove); 1859-1862

edited by: A. O. Brickmann

published: Baltimore, MD: A. O. Brickmann.

frequency: monthly

description: Swedenborgian focus
• German-language periodical

source of information: Arndt; Fraser

bibliography: Karl J. R. Arndt & May E. Olson. German-American Newspapers and Periodicals: 1732-1955. Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer Publishers, 1961.
• Sybille Fraser. "German Language Children's and Youth Periodicals in North America: A Checklist." Phaedrus 6 (Spring 1979): 27-31.

What Not ; 1859-1860

edited by: J. L. Brown

published: Bowdoinham, ME

source of information: Lyon

bibliography: Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 148.

The Youth's Sunday-School Gazette ; 1859-?

edited by: John S. Hart

published: Philadelphia: American Sunday-School Union; publisher at 1122 Chestnut St., 1859.

frequency: monthly

description: Page size, 13.25" h. Prices: copy collected at the Sunday-School Union Depository: 1 copy, 20¢/ year; 10 copies, $1/ year; 25 copies, $2.40/ year; 50 copies, $4.50/ year; 75 copies, $6.40/ year; 100 copies, $8/ year. Copy mailed to subscriber: 15 copies, $2/ year; 50 copies, $6/ year; 100 copies, $11/ year

relevant quotes: The Union described the paper in advertisements for 1859: "The Sunday-School Gazette, a MONTHLY paper for children, printed on fine paper, and highly embellished." [Sunday-School Banner. 1 (April 1859): 4] The Gazette was a slightly more expensive version of The Sunday-School Banner: "The Sunday-School Banner, ... printed on less expensive paper than the Gazette, but containing a portion of the cuts and matter of the Gazette, with other matter of its own." [Sunday-School Banner 1 (April 1859): 4]

source of information: Sunday-School Banner; OCLC

Boys and Girls Own Magazine ; Jan 1859-Dec 1861

published: New York, NY: William L. Jones.

frequency: monthly

description: Page size, 7.75" h

source of information: Lyon; OCLC

bibliography: Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 148.

The Sunday-School Banner ; Jan 1859-Dec 1860 • The Youth's Sunday School Banner Jan 1861?-after May 1861

cover/masthead: 1859 | 1861

edited by: John S. Hart

published: Philadelphia, PA: American Sunday School Union; publisher at 1122 Chestnut St., 1859 & 1861

frequency: weekly, 3 times/ month, semimonthly, & monthly editions • monthly issues are 1 vol/ year? My copy of May 1861 is vol 19; numbering of volumes may be different for the different versions of the paper.

description: 4 pp.; page size untrimmed, 12.5" h x 9.5" w • Prices, 1 copy, mailed: weekly, 50¢/ year; monthly, 13¢/ year; semi-monthly, 25¢/ year; 3 times a month, 38¢/ year. 1 copy collected at the publisher or a Sunday-School Union depository: 1¢

relevant quote: The Banner was a less expensive version of The Youth's Sunday-School Gazette: "The Sunday-School Banner ... [is] printed on less expensive paper than the [Youth's Sunday-School] Gazette, but containing a portion of the cuts and matter of the Gazette, with other matter of its own." [1 (April 1859): 4]

relevant information: According to some sources, the Banner was continued by Baptist Teacher for Sunday-School Workers, for adults. However, the first volume of the Baptist Teacher was published in 1870, and the American Sunday School Union was primarily a Presbyterian and Episcopalian organization, so the connection is unlikely.

source of information: 1859 scattered issues; 1861 issue; AAS catalog; OCLC

Youth's Evangelist • The Youth's Evangelist ; Jan 1859-1930?

cover/masthead: 1859-1862 | 1865

edited by: 1860-after Feb 1861, R. H. Pollock & G. W. Gowdy • late 1861-1865, James M. Ferguson

published: Cincinnati, OH: R. H. Pollock, G. W. Gowdy, R. D. Harper, & J. P. Smart, 1859. • Cincinnati, OH: R. H. Pollock and G. W. Gowdy, May 1860-Feb 1861; 1860, publisher at Taft's Buildings, corner of Fourth and Vine.
• Pittsburg, PA: James M. Ferguson, late 1861.
• Philadelphia, PA: James M. Ferguson, 1862-1865; Jan 1862, publisher at P. O. Box 1865; April-July 1862, publisher at P. O. Box 518; 1865, publisher at 25 N. 6th St. or P. O. Box 901.

frequency: 1859, monthly • 1860-1865, semimonthly

description: 4 pp.; page size untrimmed, 14" h x 10.5" w
• Prices: 1859: 10 copies, $1/ year; 50 copies, $4.50/ year; sent out of state, 20 copies, $2.50/ year; 50 copies, $6/ year. 1860-1862: 1 copy, 35¢/ year; 4 copies, $1/ year; 10 copies, $2/ year; 50 copies, $5/ year. 1865: 1 copy, 45¢/ year; 4 copies, $1.50/ year; 10 copies, $3.25/ year; 50 copies, $11/ year

• 1859 circulation, 12,000-13,000

• Presbyterian focus

relevant quotes: The first issue may have been dated January 1859, but it wasn't actually published then: "We have occasionally had some little complaint from our young friends because the Youth's Evangelist did not come earlier in the month. ... [L]est you should think we either did not care about pleasing you, or that we are lazy, or something of that kind, we must remind you we have done more than we promised. We promised you one paper each month. We now send you the seventh paper in four and a half months from the time we sent the first. We issued the January number in March. We have now caught up with time, and we hope to get a little ahead of it by and by." [1 (July 1859): 1]

• Subscription price was a continuing concern: "Our kind friends and patrons hav occasionally referred to the price of the Youth's Evangelist, as being higher than papers of a similar character elsewhere. They patronize our enterprise, because it is in our own church. We are much gratified at this evidence of a willingness to support the enterprise of our own church at a sacrifice; and we can not say that we are sorry for the misapprehension, whch led to the exercise and manifestation of this kindness. We confess, however, that we are still more pleased to be able to show, that it is a mistake that the Evangelist is any higher in price, than any other Sabbath School paper, to which reference has been ma[d]e by friends--in proportion to its size, and quality of paper. Ours is a private enterprise, without any aid from churches, directly or indirectly, except the actual subscr[i]ption prices." ["Price of the Youth's Evangelist." 3 (1 Feb 1861): 3]

• The masthead was redesigned in 1861: "We expected to have a new head, designed by an excellent artist, and very finely engraved, for the December numbers of the Evangelist; but as there was a great deal of labor on it, we could not get it finished in time. We will have it, and some other fine engravings ready for the January number." ["New Head." 3 (1 Dec 1861): 3] The new engraving still wasn't ready the next month: "Although we have delayed the January numbers beyond our usual time, in order to have inserted our new Heading and some fine engravings, yet unforeseen circumstances have delayed their completion, and we have been compelled to go to press without them." [4 (1 Jan 1862): 2]

continued by: The Pilot (for adults; 1930?-1955)

source of information: 1859-1865 scattered issues; OCLC

Young America and Excelsior ; Feb-April 1859?

published: Boston, MA: William G. Reed. [from AAS] • Boston, MA: Richardson & Reed. [from NUC]

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: Page size, 7.5" h
• Feb 1859 issue is vol 2 #1

continues: Young America Monthly Magazine ; Jan-Dec 1858 • The Excelsior ; 1858

source of information: AAS catalog; NUC

Kinderzeitung (Children's newspaper); 15 April 1859-15 March 1862

edited by: A. O. Brickmann

published: Baltimore, MD: A. O. Brickmann.

description: Organ of the New Jerusalem Church in the U. S. German Synod
• Swedenborgian focus
• German-language periodical

source of information: Arndt; Fraser

bibliography: Karl J. R. Arndt & May E. Olson. German-American Newspapers and Periodicals: 1732-1955. Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer Publishers, 1961.
• Sybille Fraser. "German Language Children's and Youth Periodicals in North America: A Checklist." Phaedrus 6 (Spring 1979): 27-31.

The Weekly Magpie ; 30 April?-29 Oct 1859

cover/masthead: 18 June-9 July 1859 | 16 July-29 Oct 1859

edited by: Thomas Donaldson, jr.; editor's address: "Editor of the Weekly Magpie," St. Denis P. O., Baltimore, Co., Md.

published: Edgewood, MD: Thomas Donaldson, jr; office at "Edgewood, near the 'Relay House.'" Printed at F. A. Hanzsche's Steam Book & Job Printing Establishment, 212 Baltimore St., near Charles, Baltimore, MD.

frequency: weekly; Saturday morning (occasionally not available until Monday or Tuesday, "owing to the late hour at which we received our contributions" [1 (24 Sept 1859): 58])

description: 4 pp.; Oct 1 and Oct 8 issues included a 2-page insert. Page size, 9" h x 5.5" w
• Price: 5¢/ week, paid in advance; 6¢/ week, sent by mail, "payable in postage stamps."

• 18 June 1859 is vol 1 #8. The Magpie had 27 issues total.

relevant quotes: The Magpie was an amateur periodical so popular that the editor resigned himself to going into print: "The Weekly Magpie has been in existence for several months. Formerly it was in manuscript; but the demand for copies daily increased, so that we were not able to supply even one half of the applicants,--thus depriving the world of the enlightening and refining influences of this popular journal, and retarding, for some time, the march of civilization. After reflecting upon the deleterious effects attendant upon the limited circulation of The Magpie, and of the benefits which we would be conferring upon the human race, and feeling the want of such a journal in this country, we have, at length, determined to have it henceforth printed. The sole object for which we demand subscriptions is in order to defray the expenses of printing; and all the profits will be scrupulously devoted to the enlargement and improvement of our paper." [1 (18 June 1859): 3]

• The editor had specific requirements for his contributors: "No Contributions are inserted from persons over 15 years of age." [masthead 1 (18 June 1859): 1]

• The editor also had specific requirements for his advertisers: "No Advertisements competing with Howard County interests are received." [masthead 1 (18 June 1859): 1] There was, of course, no advertising at all.

• On the change in the masthead from an eagle to a magpie: "The Magpie is at last on its own perch, which has been so long usurped by that most cruel and voracious of birds, the Eagle. This fact cannot fail to give great satisfaction to our readers, who no doubt, have been struck with the haughty and overbearing demeanor of the Eagle, and, on the other hand, with the dignified and pleasing deportment of the Magpie, whose intelligent countenance, together with its mild, though pensive expression, excites general admiration. Its finely formed head remarkable for its intellectual development, its glossy plumage, and above all its beautiful tail, which stand preeminent among its charms, all speak it to be superior to any of its species that have ever been known. It is now permanently posted at the head of our journal, where it will remain and flourish, and continue to dispense to all its rare pieces of literature, and the current news of the day." [1 (23 July 1859): 22]

• The editor claimed a wide audience: "The Magpie has gone to the foot of the Andes, and to the Old World. It has even reached Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia. In the north, as far as Vermont, New York, and New Hampshire; and we have a large number of subscribers in Massachusetts and other states, too numerous to mention." [1 (27 Aug 1859): 42] By the last issue, "the circulation of our Magpie extended to South America, California, Africa, England." [1 (22 Oct 1859): 80] (My copy came from London.)

• Like all editors, Donaldson had trouble collecting subscription money: "As the Magpie will be discontinued at the end of this month, our subscribers are requested to close their accounts as promptly as possible. We will therefore enclose a notice containing the amount due." [1 (15 Oct 1859): 72]

• On the end of the periodical: "There is an end to everything; so says the adage. Our Magpie feels the force of it. Our faithful bird is about to quit the scenes of its labours, and wing its flight to another clime; so of course, it is rather doleful at such a dreary prospect. It finds it hard to leave its kind friends and patrons. ... Although the circulation of our Magpie extended to South America, California, Africa, England, it has always been confined to a select circle of intelligent readers. It has been our object to make it an excellent family paper, and one which every child may read without detriment to his morals; for the furtherance of this design, we are indebted to the able support of our contributors, whose spirited productions have imparted a peculiar charm to our literary department. And should they ever rise to eminence in literary pursuits, we beg them to remember the modest little sheet, which first made known to the world their youthful effusions. Now we must make our bow to the public and then from the scene. To the public: We thank you for the encouragement and support which you have given to our enterprise. Our Magpie asks one small favor of you; it is:--'That, however much you may be delighted with other birds, you will still keep a place in your hearts and memories, for the poor bird who has always had your welfare so much at heart.'" [1 (22 Oct 1859): 80]

source of information: June-Oct bound vol; OCLC

I Will Try ; May? 1859-

edited by: J. S. Hostetter

published: Mechanicsburg, PA: J. S. Hostetter

frequency: monthly

description: Page size, 9" h
• Sept 1859 is vol 1 #5

source of information: AAS catalog; OCLC

The Little-Pig Monthly ; May, July 1859

cover/masthead: May 1859

edited by: Elijah Sparhawk Brigham

published: New York, NY: Dinsmore & Co.; publisher at 9 Spruce St.
• Boston, MA: Shepard, Clark & Brown; publisher at 110 Washington St.

frequency: monthly: 15th of the month

description: Vol 1 #1 is marked "May" on the cover; inside front cover announces contents of July issue. The Library of Congress has at its web site a scanned broadside advertising the magazine which describes the May issue as the "June number: Good for any month"; its contents are those of the issue for May.
• May 1859: 104 pp.; page size untrimmed, 8" h x 5.75" w; prices: 25¢/ copy, $1/ 4 months; $3/ year
• OCLC lists issues for only May and July
• Copyright 1858, by L. F. Dinsmore
• Vol 1 #1 illustrated entirely by Thomas Nast

relevant quote: Introduction, for adults: "This work will be taken in hand as well by the gray head--who, hoping to recall youthful emotions, goes back for the thousand-and-oneth time to Blue Beard and Cinderella--as by the little toddler who, having just succeeded in mastering Mother Goose's Melodies, sees only acres of solid reading in the picture-book fields before him. We prepare the book for children of whatever growth, and hope that all ages will find somewhat of mirth and profit in its pages. ... One honest feature of our plan is, to make no particular professions about publishing original matter. We shall invite the assistance of the best writers in our line of satire, but shall depend mainly upon our own pen.... England being the mother country, we conceive we have the right, and therefore intend to seize from her whatever suits our purpose, without the least ceremony...." ["To the Public Generally." 1 (May 1859): 1-2]

relevant information: The May issue was referred to as the "June" issue in a broadside (see above); the July issue was the subject of a notice in the Sept 1859 issue of Godey's. The publishers seem to have done what they could to stretch two issues of a monthly magazine to cover at least four months.

source of information: May 1859 issue; LOC broadside; AAS catalog; OCLC

bibliography: Notice. Godey's Lady's Book and Magazine. 59 (Sept 1859): 276. online

The Child at Home ; Dec 1859-1879?

cover/masthead: 1861 | 1870 (colored edition)

edited by: 1861, I. P. Warren

published: Boston, MA: N. Broughton, for the American Tract Society, 1861; publisher at 28 Cornhill; printed by George C. Rand & Avery, 3 Cornhill. Boston, MA: American Tract Society, 1870; publisher at 164 Tremont St.
• New York, NY: I. W. Brinckerhoff, for the American Tract Society, 1861; publisher at 13 Bible House, Astor Place.

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: 1861: 4 pp.; page size untrimmed, 14.5" h x 10.5" w. Prices: 1 copy, 15¢/ year; 10 copies, $1/ year; 50 copies, $4.50/ year; 100 copies, $8/ year
• 1870: "plain edition": price: 1 copy, 30¢/ year; 8 copies, $1/ year; 40 copies, $5/ year; 100 copies, $12/ year. "colored edition": 4 pp.; page size, 14.5" h x 10.5" w; price: 1 copy, 50¢/ year; 10 copies, $4/ year; 25 copies, $7.50/ year
• Beginning in July 1864, the Child was available in either a "plain" or a "colored" edition: "We commence this month the publication of an edition of the Child at Home with COLORED ENGRAVINGS. The Heading and Large Cut of the first page are printed in from six to eight brilliant colors, making a paper having no equal in America for beauty and attractiveness. ... Notwithstanding the great expensiveness of those colored engravings, and of their printing, we propose to put the price exceedingly low. ... Any person now receiving the plain edition, may change it for the colored for the remainder of the year, by sending us twenty cents additional for each copy. The plain edition will be continued as heretofore." ["Colored Engravings!" Child at Home 5 (July 1864): 28] Illustrations in the Jan 1870 issue were printed in red, blue, yellow, and black.

source of information: July-Sept 1861, July 1864, Jan 1870 issues; AAS catalog

Youth's Gazette ; 10 Twelfth month (Dec) 1859-23 Third month (March) 1861

published: Philadelphia, PA; printed by J. Van Court

frequency: semimonthly; 1 vol/ year

description: Quaker focus
• "Most of the pieces included in this pamphlet are semi-monthly productions of the Moorestown reading circle."
• Vol 1: 10 Twelfth month 1859-17 Third month 1860, with 8 issues; vol 2: 8 Twelfth month 1860-23 Third month 1861, with 8 issues

source of information: AAS catalog; NUC

The Youth's Temperance Visitor ; 1860-after Jan 1872

cover/masthead: 1860

edited by: Z. Pope Vose

published: Rockland, ME: Z. Pope Vose. 1860, publisher at 5 Custom-House Block
• Rockland, ME: Rich & Vose, 1872.

frequency: monthly; 1860, 15th of month

description: 1860, 8 pp.; page size untrimmed, 13.75" h x 9.5" w. Prices, 3¢/ copy; 25¢/ year • 1867, 8 pp.; price, 50¢/ year
• Vol 1 #12 is Jan 1861

relevant information: In 1867, Vose circulated to the Sons of Temperance and the Good Templars an advertisement for the Visitor which promised "AN ELEGANT AND COSTLY BANNER! worth from $200 to $800" to the order garnering the greatest number of subscribers before April 1867--provided that at least 15,000 subscriptions were received: "For 15,000 subscribers, the Banner shall not cost less than $200; for 25,000, not less than $400; for 40,000, not less than $800."

source of information: 1860 issue; Young People's Helper; advertising broadside for the Visitor, Jan 1867; OCLC; Lyon

bibliography: Advertisement. Clark's School Visitor. 8 (March 1864)
• Advertisement. Young People's Helper. 10 (Jan 1872): inside front cover.
• Notice. The Children's Friend (West Chester, PA) 3 (Eleventh month 1868): 356. online
• Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 148.

Youth's Gazette ; Jan 1860-after 9 Sept 1865?

published: New York, NY: General Protestant Episcopal Sunday School Union & Church Book Society.

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

source of information: OCLC

Children's Guest ; Jan 1860-1866?

edited by: 1862, F. D. Harriman
• 1862-1866, A. B. Hart

published: New York, NY: General Protestant Episcopal Sunday School Union and Church Book Society, Jan 1860

frequency: semimonthly & monthly editions

description: Page size, 14.5" h

source of information: OCLC; AAS catalog

The Lutheran Sunday-School Herald ; Jan 1860-Dec 1910

cover/masthead: 1864-Dec 1867 | Jan 1868-Aug 1870, 1873

edited by: Matthias Sheeleigh, 1864-1870

published: Philadelphia, PA: Lutheran Board of Publication; publisher at 42 North 9th St.

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: 4 pp.; page size, 14" h x 9.5" w.

• Prices, 1864-1867: 1 copy, 25¢/ year; 6 copies, $1.25/ year; 10 copies, $2/ year; 25 copies, $3.75/ year; 100 copies, $12/ year.

• Prices, 1868-Nov 1869: 1 copy, 25¢/ year; 6 copies, $1.40/ year; 10 copies, $2.25/ year; 25 copies, $4/ year; 100 copies, $15/ year.

• Prices, Nov 1869-Aug 1870: 1 copy, 25¢/ year; 6 copies, $1.25/ year; 10 copies, $2/ year; 25 copies, $4/ year; 50 copies, $7.50/ year; 100 copies, $14/ year; 500 copies, $60/ year.

relevant information: While intended for children, the paper included a few pieces intended for Sunday-school teachers.

• Monthly circulation, Dec 1865: 30,000 ["Our Dear Herald." 6 (Dec 1865): 46]

relevant quotes: The American Civil War increased costs for Herald as it did for all American periodicals: "The cost of paper is much increased; therefore many more subscribers are now needed." ["The Herald." 5 (Feb 1864): 6]

• In 1868, the Herald raised its prices closer to those of other Sunday-school papers: "[W]e shall be obliged to ask our dear friends for a little addition to the price. Many of our subscribers have themselves suggested this, and we find it necessary. The Herald has been furnished too low--lower than most others of its class--below the paying figure. Surely none will object to a slight increase in the terms." ["The Herald for 1868." 8 (Nov 1867): 42.]

• 1869 saw some lower prices: "This material reduction we have been encouraged by the increased patronage of the past year to make. We trust the coming year will so much more increase the circulation, that one year hence another reduction may be safely attempted." ["Reduced Terms for 1870!!" 10 (Nov 1869): 42.]

• The type size changed in 1870: "Instead of present type, which the printers call Long Primer, we shall use a smaller size, known as Bourgeois. This will afford additional reading matter in each number, about equaling one-fourth, or another page. It will be substantially as though the paper contained five pages of the present type." ["Smaller Type for 1870!!" 10 (Nov 1869): 42.]

continued by: Lutheran Boys and Girls: "With January 1911, our King's Message and the Lutheran Sunday School Herald, will be merged into [Lutheran Boys and Girls]". [Proceedings p. 147]

source of information: 1864-1870 bound issues; Proceedings

bibliography: Proceedings of the Third Annual Convention of the Synod of New York of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. Philadelphia: Lutheran Publication Society, 1910; p. 147.

Youth's Magazine ; May 1860-April 1861

edited by: May-Aug 1860, George C. Connor
• Sept 1860-April 1861, "Uncle John"
• also, "Aunt Alice"; "Uncle Robin"

published: Nashville, TN: Graves, Marks & Co., May 1860-April 1861.

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: 48 pp.

continues: The Children's Book of Choice and Entertaining Reading for the Little Folks at Home ; Jan 1855-April 1860

source of information: Kelly; OCLC

bibliography: Betty Longenecker Lyon. "A History of Children's Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899." PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 149.
• Children's Periodicals of the United States, ed. R. Gordon Kelly. Westport, CT & London, England: Greenwood Press, 1984.
• Mary D. Manning. "'Trust Not Appearances': Admonitory Pieces from Two Tennessee Juvenile Periodicals of the 1850s." University of Mississippi Studies in English. 5 (1984-1987): 131-139.

Sunday School Journal ; June 1860?-Oct 1865 • Sunday School Journal for Teachers and Young People ; Oct 1865-May 1900 • Sunday School Journal for Teachers ; May-Sept 1900 • Sunday School Journal and Bible Student's Magazine ; Oct 1900-1914 • The Sunday School Journal ; 1915-1925

published: New York, NY: Methodist Publishing House.
• Cincinnati, OH: Methodist Publishing House.

continued by: Church School Journal

source of information: OCLC; ULS