Recollections of a Lifetime, by Samuel Griswold Goodrich (New York & Auburn: Miller, Orton & Mulligan, 1856)

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LETTER LXI.

Meeting in Paris to commemorate the Death of Clay and Webster--Termination of my Consular Duties--Character of the French Nation--The Black-coat Circular.

My dear C******

As this chapter must bring me to the end of my residence in Paris, you will permit me to crowd into it a variety of topics, without regard to chronological order or continuity of narrative.

In the autumn of 1852, the news came that Daniel Webster was no more. Under any circumstances, the decease of such a person would cause a deep and pervading emotion, but the manner of Mr. Webster's death imparted to it a peculiar degree of interest. The closing scene was, in fact, appropriate to his character, his noble person, his gigantic intellect, his great fame. It was remarked by an eminent statesman in England, that Mr. Webster's was the most sublime death of modern times. The European papers were filled with details of the event. The Americans in Paris, on hearing the tidings, deemed it proper to assemble for the purpose of giving expression to their emotions. As Mr. Clay had died only a few months before, it was resolved at the same time to pay due homage to his memory.

The meeting, consisting of several hundred persons, mostly Americans, was held in the splendid salon of

the Cercle des Deux Mondes, Boulevard Montmartre. Mr. Rives, our minister, made an eloquent and touching address, delineating the remarkable qualities of these two men, and comparing Mr. Clay to the Mississippi, which spreads its fertilizing waters over the boundless regions of the West, and Mr. Webster to the resistless Niagara, emptying seas at a plunge, and shaking all around with its echoing thunders. Mr. Barnard, our minister to the Court of Berlin, paid a full and hearty tribute to the memory of Mr. Webster; he was followed by Mr. George Wood, of New York, and Franklin Dexter, of Boston, who also made eloquent and feeling addresses. M. Bois Lecompte, former minister of France to the United States, and well acquainted with the two great men whose death we had met to commemorate, closed with a beautiful eulogy upon each.

In the summer of 1853,1 was politely advised from the State Department that President Pierce had appointed my successor in the consulate. Thus, having held the place a little over two years, on the 1st of August, 1853,* I was restored to the privileges of

private citizen life. As I had various engagements which forbade me immediately to leave France, I hired a small house in Courbevoie, which I made my residence till my departure for America in the summer of 1855.

This naturally brings me to the close of my story,

so far as it relates to France. Were it pertinent to my design, I should give you some sketches of the French people--of their character and manners, which, in their minuter shadings, are not well appreciated in the United States. We readily comprehend England and the English people, because their language, their institutions, their genius, are similar to our own; but in France we find a different language, a different religion, different institutions--in short, a different civilization. In England, Sunday is a holy day, in France a holiday, and this fact is a sort of index to the difference between these two countries in regard to opinion, society, life. In England, the future exercises a powerful influence over the mind; in France, it is thought best to enjoy the present; England would improve the world, France would embellish it; England founds colonies, plants nations, establishes the useful arts; France refines manners, diffuses the fine arts, and spreads taste and elegance over Christendom. In England the people live in separate buildings, apart from one another, each man claiming that his house is his castle; in France,

they live congregated in hotels, one family above another, like the different layers of honeycomb in a hive. The Englishman finds his chief happiness at his fireside, the Frenchman in the sympathy of congregated masses. In England, the best points of the people are seen in the domestic circle; in France, in the salon. In all these things, English ideas are germain to our own, and hence we readily understand them, enter into them, appreciate them. As to France, it is otherwise; words there have a different sense, things a different use from that we are accustomed to, and hence, in order to understand the genius of the French nation and to do full justice to it, it is necessary to consider them from their point of view. After all that has been said and done, a work describing French society, manners, and institutions, is still a desideratum. This can not be supplied by the hasty sketches of racing travelers; it must be the work of a laborious and careful student, who unites experience and observation to a large and liberal philosophy, which on the one hand can resist the artifices of taste and the blandishments of luxury, and on the other, appreciate good things, even though they may not bear the patent-mark of his own prepossessions. Of course, you will not expect me to begin such a work in the closing pages of these fugitive letters.*

I duly received your letter asking my opinion upon the "black-coat question." Mr. Marcy's celebrated circular respecting diplomatic and consular costume was not issued, or at least did not reach me, till after I had ceased to exercise the consular functions; nevertheless, as I had some opportunity to form a

judgment of the measure, I freely give you my impressions upon the subject.

You understand that the State Department, at different periods, has made certain regulations in respect to the diplomatic and consular service, so far even as to prescribe their official dress. The main body of these rules, as they had existed for many years, was drawn up, I believe, by Mr. Livingston, while Secretary of State under Gen. Jackson. The diplomatic dress consisted of a blue coat and blue pantaloons decorated with gold embroidery, and a white waistcoat. It had a general resemblance to the diplomatic costume of other countries, though it was of the simplest form. The consular dress was similar, though the naval button of the United States was prescribed, and the whole costume had a sort of naval air. Diplomats and consuls wore small swords, but no epaulets.

Nevertheless, Mr. Marcy, soon after his accession to the State Department, under President Pierce, issued a circular requiring consuls to give up these costumes altogether; as to diplomats, it was recommended, though not enjoined, that they should appear before

foreign courts in simple black. This was urged on the ground that plainness of attire was proper to the representatives of a republic, and it was to be regretted that we had ever departed from the simplicity adopted by Dr. Franklin in appearing before the court of Louis XVI.

It would seem that these are very narrow grounds for a departure from the usages of the civilized world, our own government among the number, and in which. Jefferson and Monroe, Adams and Jay, Ellsworth and King, had participated. All these, aye and Dr. Franklin* too, notwithstanding the current notion that he forced his Quaker clothes upon the court of Louis XVI., wore their court costume, simply because custom required it. There is no doubt that they were more respected, and served their country with more effect than they would have done, had they insisted upon shocking the public

taste by what would have been deemed an indecorum if not an indecency--that is, appearing in common clothes on occasions in which etiquette demanded a special and appropriate attire.

As to the assumption that simplicity of attire is characteristic of republicans, I think there is less of reason in it than of cant. It happens that the particular form of our government excludes all distinctions of rank, and hence the badges which designate these, would be without meaning among us. But with this single exception, we in the United States are as much given to display in dress and equipage as any other people on the globe. We have our military and naval costumes, and these are among the richest in the world: foppery is one of the notorious qualities of all our militia companies. Both our men and women think more of display in dress than those of other nations. When our people get to Europe, they distinguish themselves by going to the height of fashion in all things. At the court introductions in Paris, I always remarked that the Americans--men as well as women--were more sumptuously, and it may be added, more tastefully, attired than most others. Even at the new imperial court of Paris, the American ladies not only stood first in point of beauty, but also in the display of mantles, trains, and diamonds. New Orleans, Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, Boston, had each its representative, and splendid specimens they were. If the American

Minister had come to introduce these, his countrywomen, to their imperial majesties, and had claimed the privilege of wearing a black coat because simplicity belongs to republicans, I imagine that every observer would have marked the contrast between the pretense and the performance.

Thus, though we may be republicans, we are in fact a sumptuous people, addicted to display, and exceedingly fond of being in the midst of stars and garters. We think the more of these things, doubtless, for the very reason that they are strange to our manners. Every American who goes to London or Paris, wishes to be introduced at court, and seems to feel that this is his privilege. It is not so with any other nation; no English man or woman, in Paris, asks to be presented at the Tuileries, unless it be a person of high social or official rank.

These being characteristics of our people, and perfectly well understood abroad, Mr. Marcy's black-coat circular created no little surprise. It was generally regarded as a mere appeal to the lower classes in America, who might be supposed to entertain the sentiments of the sans-culottes, and as such, it was treated with little respect. Nevertheless, had the government prescribed a black dress, for its diplomats, no court in Europe would have made the slightest objection. Such a measure would no doubt have subjected us to criticism, perhaps to ridicule, as a matter of taste; it would have been offensive, inasmuch as it

would have seemed designed as a rebuke of the manners and customs of older and more refined nations than ourselves. We should have been considered as reading a lecture to European courts, in this wise--"Look at us, republicans, and behold how we despise the trappings of royalty, and the gaud, of courts; look at our black coats, and go ye and do likewise!" Nevertheless, it is perfectly well understood in Europe that any government may regulate the costume of its representatives, and had Mr. Marcy's circular made it obligatory upon the American diplomatic corps to wear black, or white, or red, or any other color, not the slightest exception would have been taken to it by any court in the world.

This, however, was not the course adopted by the government; they merely recommended, they did not prescribe, the black coat. The situation of all our ministers, charges, and secretaries, therefore, at once became extremely awkward.* The diplomatic business

of all countries is transacted between the ambassador and the ministers, and when these persons meet, there is no ceremony. They come together like merchants or lawyers, in their ordinary dress. All the actual business of a foreign minister may therefore be transacted without any particular costume.

But sovereigns surround themselves with a certain etiquette, and they require all who approach them to conform to this. When Queen Victoria invites persons to visit her, it is of course upon condition that they adopt the usages of the court. No one, whatever his rank or station, can claim exemption from this rule. It must be remembered that on all such occasions, the invitation is considered a compliment, and hence well-bred persons, who take advantage of it, feel constrained, by self-respect and a sense of propriety, scrupulously to regard and fulfill the conditions upon which this invitation is bestowed.

Now, it must be remembered that what is called a court costume, is only required of a minister on occasions of mere ceremony or festivity, when he appears by invitation of the sovereign. If he comes, it is not to transact business, but for amusement. He

may stay away, and nothing belonging to his diplomatic affairs will suffer. Why, then, if he accepts the invitation, should he not conform to the prescribed usages of the court? It is generally considered evidence of a want of gentlemanly breeding, an act of positive vulgarity, for any person to take advantage of a polite invitation, and refuse to conform. to the conditions imposed by the host. Above all, it would seem that an ambassador, representing a nation before a foreign court, should be scrupulous to observe the known and established rules of decorum.

It must be remembered that propriety of costume--that is, a dress suited to the taste and fashion prevailing where it is worn, is in all civilized countries a matter of decency. It has been so among all refined nations, and from the earliest ages. One of the most solemn of our Saviour's parables is founded upon a breach of decorum in regard to costume--the appearance of a man at the wedding of the king's son, without a wedding garment. Similar ideas are just as current among us as elsewhere. If a clergyman were to go into the pulpit dressed in a military coat, it would shock the whole audience, and be considered an insult alike to them and to the clerical profession. If a lady issues cards of invitation to a ball, and a man, who takes advantage of the invitation, comes in a sailor's roundabout, he would be held as an ill-bred fellow, and as such would be turned out of

doors. He may plead that he had simply cut off the tail of his coat, and as he considered an artificial appendage of this kind derogatory to a free-born man., his principles forbade him to wear it. The answer is, you are welcome to carry out your principles, but if you accept an invitation given to you out of politeness, it is expected and required that you conform to the known usages and decencies of society.

Now in monarchical countries long usage has established it in the public mind, that to appear at court* without a court costume, would be a species of indecency, an offense against the company present, as well as the parties giving the invitation. We may rail at it as much as we please in this country, yet we can not alter the fact I state.

Taking the matter in this point of view, let us consider the situation of our diplomatic representatives under Mr. Marcy's circular. Had the black coat been prescribed, as I have said before, there would have been an end of the matter. Our ministers and chargés would have been dressed in black, that is, like the servants of a café, while all around

them would have appeared in appropriate costumes; and thus, in the midst of an assemblage, consisting of the most exalted rank, the highest refinement, the most distinguished ability--the representative of the United States would either have passed unnoticed as a servant, or been remarked upon as an object of ridicule, perhaps of contempt. That would have been all.

But this condition of things was not vouchsafed to our ministers: if they obeyed the circular, and carried the black coat to court, it was known to be in some degree voluntary, and was so far the more offensive on the part of the individual wearing it. Mr. Sanford, our Chargé at Paris, acting from a just regard to the wishes of his government, tried the experiment under many advantages. He was a young gentleman of good address, and held a respectable position in the higher circles of society connected with the court. He was admitted to the Tuileries in his black suit, but was of course an object of much observation and comment. His character-- personal and official--protected him from indignity, either of word or look, but the act was considered offensive as well in the palace as in the various branches of society in connection with it. About this time Louis Napoleon was forming his new imperial court, and seeking to give it every degree of splendor. He had prescribed rich costumes for his officers, military and civil, and had directed that their wives

should appear in their most splendid attire. All the persons connected with the court entered into this spirit. For the American Chargé to present himself in simple black, at this particular time, looked like rebuke, and was, I believe, regarded in, this light. Had Mr. Sanford continued in his office at Paris, and had he persevered, he would, perhaps, by his amiable personal character and pleasing address, have removed these difficulties, though it is quite as possible that he might have found his situation intolerable, not from open affront, but from those sly yet galling attacks, which the polished habitues of courts know so well how to make, even in the midst of smiles and seeming caresses. As it happened, Mr. Mason soon after arrived in Paris as full minister, and appreciating the result of Mr. Sanford's experiment, adopted the usual diplomatic costume.

For my own part, I can not see the utility of making ourselves disagreeable, and at the same time jeoparding the real interests of our country, in such a matter as that of the dress of our diplomatic representatives. Our policy should be to cultivate peace with all the world, but it would seem of late that our desire is rather to array all the nations against us. Within the last three years we have lost nearly all our friends in Europe. The Ostend Congress, with its startling doctrines, produced a deep and pervading feeling of reprehension, and the circulars of "Citizen Saunders" created still more lively emotions of irritation

and resentment.* The character and conduct of several of our consuls and diplomats, in different parts of Europe, together with our Secretary's well-meant attempts to improve the taste of the European courts in the matter of dress, have all contributed to degrade the American name in foreign countries.

Such are, briefly, my views of Mr. Marcy's diplomatic circular. It seems to have been ill advised, and though its motive was no doubt good, it must have been adopted without full inquiry into the subject. Had the State Department taken the precaution to address our ministers and consuls on the subject, the answer would have been such as to have prevented the ridicule brought upon the country by this measure. The present state of things is embarrassing to our foreign ministers, and derogatory to the country. The true plan is to adopt some simple and appropriate costume, and make it obligatory. If the black coat is to be preferred, then let it be prescribed, so

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that the responsibility may fall on the government and not on him who wears it. And one thing more: let us be consistent; if republicanism requires simplicity, and black is to be our national color, let the "fuss and feathers" of the army and navy be dismissed, and the general as well as the private soldier appear in "the black coat!"

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LETTER LXII.

Visit to Italy--Florence--Rome--Naples.

My dear C******

In the autumn of 1854 I set out with my family for a brief visit to Italy. With all my wanderings I had never seen this far-famed land, and as I was not likely ever to have another opportunity, I felt it to be a kind of duty to avail myself of a few unappropriated weeks, for that object.

It is not my purpose to give you the details of my travels or my observations. A mere outline must suffice. Embarking in a steamer at Marseilles, we soon reached Genoa. Here we went ashore for a few hours, and then returning to our vessel, proceeded on to Leghorn. Taking the railroad at this place, we wound among the hills, and, having passed Pisa, catching a glimpse of its Leaning Tower, arrived at Florence. In this journey of five days, we had passed from Paris to the center of Italy.

Florence* is situated in a small but fertile valley, on either side of which rise a great number of precipitous hills; behind these is a succession of still greater elevations, with rocky summits reaching at last to the Apennines on the north, and other ranges on the south and west. A narrow stream, poetically called the "yellow Arno" or "golden Arno," but in honest phrase, the muddy Arno, flows nearly through the center of the city. This is bordered by stone quays, leaving a space of about three hundred feet in width, sometimes full and sometimes only a bed of gravel, along which winds the stream shrunken into an insignificant rivulet. The Arno is in fact a sort of mountain torrent; its source is nearly five thousand feet above the level of the sea, yet its whole course is but seventy-five miles. The steep acclivities around Florence suddenly empty the rains into its channel, and it often swells in the course of a few hours to inundation; it subsides as speedily, and in summer almost disappears amid the furrows of its sandy bed.

If we were to judge Florence by a modern standard, we might pronounce it a dull, dismal-looking

place, marred by dilapidation, degraded by tyranny, and occupied by a degenerate people. But when we enter its galleries of art,* when we survey its monuments of architecture, and when we view all these in connection with its history, we speedily discover it to be an inexhaustible mine, alike instructive to the philosopher and the man of taste.

I dare not begin upon the curiosities with which this city is filled: I must leave them to be described by others. The hills around the city are equally interesting, studded as they are with edifices, connected with the names of Michael Angelo, Galileo, Dante, Lorenzo de' Medici, and others, all full of historical associations or recollections of science and art. At the distance of about five miles is Fiesole, now an insignificant village, situated on the top of a steep hill, rising a thousand feet above the bed of the valley. This you ascend by a winding road, built with immense labor, a portion of it cut in the solid rock. This place was the cradle of Florence, its history reaching back three thousand years, into the thick mists of antiquity.

Here are Cyclopean walls, constructed by the early inhabitants to protect themselves at a period when all Italy was in the possession of bands of brigands and robbers, and when every town and village was a fortress. From this point you look down upon Florence, which almost seems at your feet; you have also a commanding view of the whole adjacent country. If you inquire the names of places that attract your attention, you will be carried back to periods anterior to the building of Rome. The guide will point you to the track of Hannibal through the marshes of the Arno, then a wilderness without inhabitants, amid which the Carthaginian general lost a number of elephants, and whose tusks are even at this day dug up from their deep beds in the soil. Allow me to give you a somewhat prosy description in rhyme of this wonderful and suggestive place-- the best in the world to study early Roman geography and history--which I wrote on the spot, and which has at least the merit of being brief:

This is Fiésole--a giant mound,
With fellow-giants circling phalanx'd round;
Hoary with untold centuries they rest,
Yet to the top with waving olives dress'd,
While far beyond in rugged peaks arise
The dark-blue Apennines against the skies.
In this deep vale, with sentried hills around,
Set foot to foot, and all with villas crown'd,
Fair Florence lies--its huge Duomo flinging
E'en to Fiésole its silvery ringing.

Ah, what a varied page these scenes unfold--
How much is written, yet how much untold!
Here on this mound, the huge Cyclopean wall--
Its builders lost in Time's unheeding thrall--
Speaks of whole nations, ages, kingdoms, races,
Of towers and cities, palaces and places--
Of wars and sieges, marches, battles, strife,
The hopes and fears--the agonies of life--
All pass'd away, their throbbing weal and woe,
E'er Rome was built, three thousand years ago!

On the twenty-second day of February we entered Rome, and found the peach-trees in blossom. The modern city is in no respect remarkable. Its walls are of some strength, but readily yielded to the attack of the French army in 1849. Its present population is one hundred and seventy-five thousand. All the streets are narrow, and even the far-famed Corso is not over fifty feet wide. In general, the buildings appear to be of modern date, with here and there some grand monument of antiquity peering out from the midst of more recent structures. On the whole, the aspect of this "Queen of the World" is eminently sad, degenerate, and disheartening.

The more imposing relics of antiquity, the Forum, the Palace of the Cæsars, the Coliseum, the Baths of Caracalla, though within the walls, are still on the southern side of the city, and beyond the present center of population. All these are gigantic structures, but mostly of a barbarous character. They show the amazing power and wealth of the emperors who con-

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Romse: The Pope and his train passing the ruins of the Forum. Vol. 2, p. 525[.]

structed these works, but they also display the actual poverty of art, for there is not one of them that can famish a useful suggestion to even a house-carpenter. The vain and transitory nature of the ideas and institutions which gave birth to these miracles of labor, strikes the reflecting mind with a deep and painful sense of humiliation. The Coliseum, the most sublime monument of accumulated human toil, regarded as to its gigantic proportions, was erected for amusements now held to be alike cruel and revolting; the baths of Caracalla--whole acres covered with mounds of brick--were constructed to minister to fashionable luxuries, which at the present day would be regarded as infamous. In modern times, the same accommodations would be obtained with one-twentieth part of the labor expended upon these establishments. The vanity, the boasting, the ostentation of conquerors, which gave birth to the triumphal arches, would at this day be looked upon with universal contempt. The temples were erected to gods, which have vanished into thin air. The Aqueducts, whose ruins stretch across the gloomy Campagna, looking like long lines of marching mastodons, were erected in ignorance of that familiar fact, visible to any one who looks into a teapot, that water will rise to its level!

The great lesson to be learned at Rome is that of humility. I know not which is most calculated to sink the pride of man, pagan Rome, sublime in the grandeur of its tyranny, its vices, and its falsehoods,

or Christian Rome, contemptible in its littleness, its tricks, and its artifices, which would disgrace the commonest juggler.

I speak not now of the treasures of art,* collected to repletion in the public and private galleries of this wonderful city. These are endless in extent and variety. Among them are the finest paintings of Raphael, and the best sculptures of Michael Angelo, as well as the Dying Gladiator and the Apollo Belvidere. Here, also, is that rich, gorgeous palace, called St. Peter's Church. But still, Rome, on the whole, seems to me the most melancholy spot on earth. Here is a city which once contained three or four millions of

inhabitants, now shrunk and wasted to a population of less than two hundred thousand, and these living upon the mere ruins of the past. The Christian Church is but little better than a collection of bats and owls, nestling in the ruinous structures erected for the gods and goddesses of heathen antiquity.

Nor is this the most appalling fact here presented to the traveler. Around this place is a belt of undulating land called the Campagna, eight or ten miles in width, fertile by nature, and once covered with a busy population; this has become desolate, and is now tenanted only by sheep and cattle. The air is poisoned, and man breathes it at his peril. To sleep in it is death. And this change has come over it while it claims to be the very seat and center of Christianity, the residence of the Successor of the Apostles, the Head of the Catholic Church, the Representative of Christ on earth, the Spiritual Father of a hundred and fifty millions of souls! Is not this mysterious, fearful?

We reached Naples about the first of April. Here the character of the climate and of the people becomes thoroughly Italian. The Bay of Naples can not be too much praised. Not only do the prominent objects--the crescent-shaped city, rising terrace above terrace on the north; Vesuvius, with its double cone in the east, and the islands of Capri and Ischia at the south--form a beautiful boundary to the view, but the water and the sky and the air have all a live-

liness, a cheerfulness, which calls upon the heart to be gay. The Neapolitan is, in truth, constantly preached to by nature, to sing and dance and be happy. It is impossible for any one to resist this influence of the climate--of the earth and the sea and the air--in this region of enchantment. It appears that the ancient Romans felt and yielded to its force. In the vicinity was Puzzuoli, a renowned watering-place, the hills around being still studded with the vestiges of villas once inhabited by the Roman patricians; near by was Cumæ, long a seat and center of taste and luxury; close at hand was Baiæ, the Baden Baden of fashion in the time of Cicero--its ruins abundantly attesting the luxury as well as the licentiousness of those days. In the mouth of the bay was Capri, chosen by Tiberius as the scene of his imperial orgies, in consideration of its delicious climate and picturesque scenery. The whole region is indeed covered over with monuments of Rome in the day of its glory, testifying to the full appreciation of the beauties of the sky and the climate, on the part of its patrician population.

As to the city of Naples itself I shall not speak; though its people, its institutions, its repositories of art, its Museum of vestiges taken from the buried cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum, would furnish interesting subjects of description. I have only to add that after a stay of a month, I left it with reluctance, and returned to Paris. When I arrived, the

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Great Exposition was on the eve of being opened. I remained till July, and had several opportunities to examine this marvelous array of the world's art and industry. On the fourth of the same month I departed for the United States, and arriving in New York, found anchorage for myself and family in that city.

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LETTER LXIII.

Leave-taking--Improvement everywhere--In Science--Geology, Chemistry, Agriculture, Manufactures, Astronomy, Navigation, the Domestic Arts--Anthracite Coal--Traveling--Painting--Daguerreotypes--The Electric Telegraph--Moral Progress--In Foreign Countries: in the United States.

My dear C******

I have now come to my farewell. Leave-takings are in general somewhat melancholy, and it is best to make them as brief as possible. Mine shall consist of a single train of thought, and that suggestive of cheerful rather than mournful feelings. Like a traveler approaching the end of his journey, I naturally cast a look backward, and surveying the monuments which rise up in the distance, seek to estimate the nature and tendency of the march of events which I have witnessed, and in which I have participated.

One general remark appears to me applicable to the half century over which my observation has extended, which is, that everywhere there has been improvement. I know of no department of human

knowledge, no sphere of human inquiry, no race of men, no region of the earth, where there has been retrogradation. On the whole, the age has been alike fruitful in discovery, and the practical, beneficial results of discovery. Science has advanced with giant strides, and it is the distinguishing characteristic of modern science that it is not the mere toy of the philosopher, nor the hidden mystery of the laboratory, but the hard-working servant of the manufactory, the workshop, and the kitchen. Geology not only instructs us in the sublime history of the formation of the earth, but it teaches us to understand its hidden depths, and to trace out and discover its mineral treasures. Chemistry, the science of atoms, teaching us the component parts of matter, as well as the laws of affinity and repulsion, has put us in possession of a vast range of convenient knowledge now in daily and familiar use in the domestic arts. We have even express treatises upon the "Chemistry of Common Life." Astronomy has not only introduced to us new planets and the sublime phenomena of the depths hitherto beyond our reach, but it has condescended to aid in perfecting the art of navigation, and thus contributed to make the sea the safe and familiar highway of the nations.

We can best appreciate the progress of things around us, by looking at particular facts. Take anthracite coal, for instance, which, when I was a boy, was unknown, or only regarded as a black, shining, useless

stone; now six millions of tons are annually dug up and distributed. Think of the labor that is performed by this mass of matter, that had slumbered for ages--hidden, senseless, dead, in the bosom of the earth! It now not only cooks our food and warms our houses so as in winter to give us the climate of summer, but the sleeper, waked from its tomb, like a giant impatient of the time he has lost, turns the whizzing wheel of the factory, sends the screaming locomotive on its way, drives the steamboat foaming through the waves. This single mineral now performs, every day, the labor of at least a hundred thousand men!

On every hand are the evidences of improvement. What advances have been made in agriculture--in the analysis of soils, the preparation of manures, the improvement of implements, from the spade to the steam-reaper; in the manufacture of textile fabrics by the inventions of Jacquard and others in weaving, and innumerable devices in spinning; in the working of iron--cutting, melting, molding, rolling, shaping it like dough, whereby it is applied to a thousand new uses; in commerce and navigation, by improved models of ships, improved chronometers, barometers, and quadrants--in chain-pumps and wheel-rudders; in printing, by the use of the power-press, throwing off a hundred thousand impressions instead of two thousand in a day; in the taking of likenesses by the daguerreotype, making the Sun himself the painter of miniatures; in microscopes, which have revealed new

worlds in the infinity of littleness, as well as in telescopes which have unfolded immeasurable depths of space before hidden from the view. How has traveling been changed, from jolting along at the rate of six miles an hour over rough roads in a stage-coach, to the putting one's self comfortably to bed in a steamboat and going fifteen miles an hour; or sitting down in a railroad car at New York to read a novel, and before you have finished, to find yourself at Boston! The whole standard of life and comfort has been changed, especially in the cities. The miracles of antiquity are between each thumb and finger now; a friction-match gives us fire and light, the turn of a cock brings us water, bright as from Castalia. We have summer in our houses, even through the rigors of winter. We light our streets by gas, and turn night into day. Steam brings to the temperate zone the fresh fruits of the tropics; ether mitigates the agonies of surgical operations; ice converts even the fires of Sirius into sources of luxury.

These are marvels, yet not the greatest of marvels. Think--instead of dispatching a letter in a mail-bag, with the hope of getting an answer in a month--of sending your thoughts alive along a wire winged with electricity, to New Orleans or Canada, to Charleston or St. Louis, and getting a reply in the course of a few hours! This is the miracle of human inventions, the crowning glory of art, at once the most ingenious, the most gratifying, the most startling of discoveries. I

know of nothing in the whole range of human contrivances which excites such exulting emotions in the mind of man, as the electric telegraph.* It is giving wings of light to the mind, and here on earth imparting to the soul, some of the anticipated powers which imagination tells us the spirit may exercise in the

world above! Having achieved so much, who shall dare to set limits to the power of human invention?

And in the moral world, the last fifty years appear to me to have shown an improvement, if not as marked, yet as certain and positive, as in the material world. Everywhere, as I believe, the standard of humanity is more elevated than before. About a century ago, an eminent New England divine, afterward president of Yale College, sent a barrel of rum to Africa by a Rhode Island captain, and got in return a negro boy, whom he held as a slave, and this was not an offence. I know of a distinguished D. D. who was a distiller of New England rum half a century ago, and with no loss of reputation. The rules by which we try candidates for office are much more rigid than formerly. Church discipline among all sects is more severe, while sectarian charity is greatly enlarged. Christian missions are among the established institutions of society; education is everywhere improved and extended. If in some things, with the increase of wealth and luxury, we have degenerated, on the whole there has been an immense

advance, as well in technical morals as in those large humanities which aim at the good of all mankind.

If we cast our eyes over foreign lands, we shall see a similar if not an equal progress in all that belongs to the comforts and the charities of life. Despotism still reigns over a large part of the world, but its spirit is mitigated, its heart softened. Dungeons and chains are not now the great instruments of government. There is everywhere--more especially in all parts of Christendom--a feeling of responsibility on the part of even kings and princes, to the universal principles of justice and humanity. There is a moral sense, a moral law among mankind, which tyrants dare not set at defiance!

Such has been the tendency of things within the half century which has passed under my observation, If, then, I am an optimist, it is as much from reason and reflection as from sentiment. In looking at the political condition of our country, there are no doubt threatening clouds in the sky, and mutterings of ominous thunders in the distance. I have, however, known such things before; I have seen the country shaken to its center by the fierce collisions of parties, and the open assaults of the spirit of disunion. But these dangers passed away. Within my memory, the States of the Union have been doubled in number, and the territory of the Union has been trebled in extent! This I have seen; and as such has been the past, so may be, and so I trust will be, the future. Farewell!

My experience, as an author, has been not a little singular, in one respect. While on the other side of the Atlantic my name has been largely used, as a passport to the public, for books I never wrote--attempts have been made in this country to deprive me of the authorship of at least a hundred volumes which I did write. It requires some patience to reflect upon this with equanimity; to see myself, falsely, saddled with the paternity of things which are either stupid, or vulgar, or immoral--or perhaps all together; and then to be deprived, also by falsehood, of the means of effectually throwing them off by appealing to genuine works--which have obtained general favor--through a suspicion cast into the public mind, that I am a mere pretender, and that the real authorship of these works belongs to another person.

This, however, has been, and perhaps is my position, at least with some portion of the public. I have thought it worth while, therefore, to print a catalogue of my genuine works, and also a list of the false ones, issued under my name, with such notes as seem necessary to set the whole matter clearly before the public.

The following list comprises all my works to the best of my recollection.

MISCELLANEOUS

1828 .. 14 .. The Token--A New Year's and Christmas Present

1849 ... 1 .. A History of All Nations, from the Earliest Period to the Present Time--In which the History of every Nation, Ancient and Modern, is separately given. Large 8vo., 1200 pp.

1840 ... 1 .. A Pictorial Geography of the World. Large 8vo., 1000 pp.

1838 ... 1 .. Sow Well and Reap Well, or Fireside Education. 12mo.

1845 ... 1 .. A Pictorial History of America. 8vo.

1853 ... 1 .. Winter Wreath, of Summer Flowers. 8vo. Colored Engravings.

1841 ... 1 .. The Outcast, and other Poems. 12mo.

1836 ... 1 .. Sketches from a Student's Window. 12mo.

1851 ... 1 .. Poems. 12mo.

1842 ... 1 .. Ireland and the Irish. 12mo.

1839 ... 1 .. Five Letters to my Neighbor Smith.

1852 ... 1 .. Les Etats Unis d'Amérique. 8vo.

1854 ... 1 .. The Gem Book of British Poetry. Sq. 8vo.

1857 ... 2 .. Recollections of a Lifetime: or, Men and Things I have Seen. In a series of Familiar Letters--Historical, Biographical, Anecdotical, and Descriptive: addressed to a Friend. 12mo. (In press.)

1856 ... 1 .. The Picture Play-Book.

SCHOOL BOOKS.

1846 ... 1 .. Ancient History, from the Creation to the Fall of Rome. 12mo.

1847 ... 1 .. Modern History, from the Fall of Rome to the present time. 12mo.

1846 ... 1 .. History of North America--Or, The United States and adjacent Countries. 18mo.

1846 ... 1 .. History of South America and the West Indies. 18mo.

1848 ... 1 .. History of Europe. 18mo.

1848 ... 1 .. History of Asia. 18mo.

1850 ... 1 .. History of Africa. 18mo.

1849 ... 1 .. A Comprehensive Geography and History, Ancient and Modern. 4to.

1849 ... 1 .. The National Geography. 4to.

1850 ... 1 .. A Primer of History, for Beginners at Home and School. 24mo.

1850 ... 1 .. A Primer of Geography, for Home and School--With Maps.

1846 ... 1 .. A Pictorial History of the United States. 12 mo.

1846 ... 1 .. A Pictorial History of England. 12mo.

1846 ... 1 .. A Pictorial History of France. 12mo.

1846 ... 1 .. A Pictorial History of Greece. 12mo.

1848 ... 1 .. A Pictorial History of Rome. 12mo.

1842 ... 1 .. A Pictorial Natural History. 12mo.

1842 ... 1 .. The Young American,: Or, A Book of Government and Law. 12mo.

1830 ... 1 .. The Malte-Brun School Geography. 16mo.

1830 ... 1 .. Maps for the same. 4to.

1834 ... 1 .. The Child's Own Book of Geography; or the Western Hemisphere--With Maps. Sq. 12mo. (Out of print.)

1834 ... 1 .. The Child's Own Book of Geography; or the Eastern Hemisphere--With Maps. Square 12mo. (Out of print.)

1846 ... 1 .. Goodrich's First Reader. 18mo.

1846 ... 1 .. Goodrich's Second Reader. 18mo.

1846 ... 1 .. Goodrich's Third Reader. 18mo.

1846 ... 1 .. Goodrich's Fourth Reader. 12mo.

1846 ... 1 .. Goodrich's Fifth Reader. 12mo.

TALES UNDER THE NAME OF PETER PARLEY.

1827 ... 1 .. The Tales of Peter Parley about America. Square 16mo.

1828 ... 1 .. {The Tales of Peter Parley about} Europe. {Square 16mo.}

1829 ... 1 .. Peter Parley's Winter-Evening Tales. {Square 16mo.}

1830 ... 1 .. Peter Parley's Juvenile Tales. Square 16mo.

1830 ... 1 .. The Tales of Peter Parley about Africa. Square 16mo.

1830 ... 1 .. {The Tales of Peter Parley about} Asia. {Square 16mo.}

1830 ... 1 .. Peter Parley's Tales about the Sun, Moon, and Stars. Square 16mo.

1831 ... 1 .. Peter Parley's Tales of the Sea. Square 16mo.

1831 ... 1 .. Peter Parley's Tales about the Islands in the Pacific Ocean. Square 16mo.

1830 ... 1 .. Peter Parley's Method of Telling about Geography. Square 16mo.

1831 ... 1 .. Peter Parley's Tales about the World. Square 16mo. (Out of print.)

1832 ... 1 .. Peter Parley's Tales about New York. Square 16mo. (Out of print.)

1834 ... 1 .. Peter Parley's Tales about Great Britain--Including England, Scotland, and Ireland. Square 16mo. (Out of print.)

1834 ... 1 .. Parley's Picture Book. Square 16mo.

1834 ... 1 .. Parley's Short Stories for Long Nights. Square 16mo.

1836 ... 1 .. Peter Parley's Book of Anecdotes. {Square 16mo.}

1831 ... 1 .. Parley's Tales about Animals. 12mo.

1843 ... 1 .. Persevere and Prosper: Or, The Siberian Sable-Hunter. 18mo.

1843 ... 1 .. Make the Best of It: Or, Cheerful Cherry, and other Tales. 18mo.

1844 ... 1 .. Wit Bought; Or, The Adventures of Robert Merry. 18mo.

1844 ... 1 .. What to do, and How to do it: Or, Morals and Manners. 18mo.

1845 ... 1 .. A Home in the Sea; Or, The Adventures of Philip Brusque. 18mo.

1845 ... 1 .. Right is Might, and other Sketches. 18mo.

1845 ... 1 .. A Tale of the Revolution, and other Sketches. 18mo.

1846 ... 1 .. Dick Boldhero, or the Wonders of South America. 18mo.

1846 ... 1 .. Truth-Finder: Or, Inquisitive Jack. 18mo.

1850 ... 1 .. Take Care of No. 1: Or, The Adventures of Jacob Karl. 18mo.

1846 ... 1 .. Tales of Sea and Land.

1835 ... 1 .. Every-Day Book. Sq. 16mo. (Out of print.)

1853 ... 1 .. Parley's Present for All Seasons. 12mo.

1854 ... 1 .. Parley's Wanderers by Sea and Land. 12mo.

1854 ... 1 .. Parley's Fagots for the Fireside. 12mo.

1856 ... 1 .. Parley's Balloon Travels of Robert Merry and his Young Friends in various parts of Europe. 12mo.

1856 ... 1 .. Parley's Adventures of Gilbert Goahead. 12mo.

1857 ... 1 .. Parley's Adventures of Billy Bump, all the way from Sundown to California. (In press.)

1857 ... 1 .. Parley's Balloon Travels of Robert Merry and his Young Friends in the Holy Land and other parts of Asia. 12mo. (In press.)

PARLEY'S HISTORICAL COMPENDS.

1837 ... 2 .. Peter Parley's Universal History on the basis of Geography. Large sq. 16mo.

1837 ... 1 .. Peter Parley's Common School History. 12mo.

1831 ... 1 .. The First Book of History for Children and Youth. Large sq. 12mo.

1832 ... 1 .. The Second Book of History--Designed as a Sequel to the First Book of History. Large sq. 12mo.

1833 ... 1 .. The Third Book of History--Designed as a Sequel to the First and Second Books of History. Sq. 12mo.

1832 ... 1 .. Parley's Tales about Ancient Rome, with some account of Modern Italy. Sq. 16mo.

1833 ... 1 .. Parley's Tales about Ancient and Modern Greece. Sq. 16mo.

1853 ... 1 .. Histoire des Etats-Unis d'Amérique. Published in Paris and the United States. 12mo.

1853 ... 1 .. Petite Histoire Universeile. Published in Paris and the United States. 18mo.

1844-5 ... 1 .. 1. Lives of Famous Men of Modern Times.

1844-5 ... 1 .. 2. Lives of Famous Men of Ancient Times.

1844-5 ... 1 .. 3. Curiosities of Human Nature.

1844-5 ... 1 .. 4. Lives of Benefactors.

1844-5 ... 1 .. 5. Lives of Famous American Indians.

1844-5 ... 1 .. 6. Lives of Celebrated Women.

HISTORICAL DEPARTMENT.

1844-5 ... 1 .. 7. Lights and Shadows of American History.

1844-5 ... 1 .. 8. Lights and Shadows of European History.

1844-5 ... 1 .. 9. Lights and Shadows of Asiatic History.

1844-5 ... 1 .. 10. Lights and Shadows of African History.

1844-5 ... 1 .. 11. History of the American Indians.

1844-5 ... 1 .. 12. Manners, Customs, and Antiquities of the American Indians.

MISCELLANEOUS.

1844-5 ... 1 .. 13. A Glance at the Sciences.

1844-5 ... 1 .. 14. Wonders of Geology.

1844-5 ... 1 .. 15. Anecdotes of the Animal Kingdom.

1844-5 ... 1 .. 16. A Glance at Philosophy.

1844-5 ... 1 .. 17. Book of Literature, with Specimens.

1844-5 ... 1 .. 18. Enterprise, Industry, and Art of Man.

1844-5 ... 1 .. 19. Manners and Customs of Nations.

1844-5 ... 1 .. 20. The World and its Inhabitants.

1849 ... 1 .. Parley's Panorama: Or, the Curiosities of Nature and Art, History and Biography. Large 8vo., double columns.

1844 ... 1 .. Parley's Geography for Beginners. Sq. 16mo.

1836 ... 1 .. Parley's Farewell. Large sq. 16mo. (Out of print.)

1833 ... 1 .. Parley's Arithmetic. Sq. 16mo.

1833 ... 1 .. Parley's Spelling-Book. (Out of print.)

1833 ... 1 .. Parley's Book of the United States. Sq. 16mo.

1854 ... 1 .. Géographic Elémentaire.

1854 ... 1 .. Elementary Geography. 8vo. With Maps.

1836 ... 1 .. Parley's Present. Small 24mo. (Out of print.)

1834 ... 6 .. Parley's Dictionaries--Of Botany, of Astronomy, of the Bible, of Bible Geography, of History, of Commerce. Six vols., large sq. 16mo.

1832 ... 1 .. Three Months at Sea (an English book, with additions and modifications). Sq. 16mo.

1832 ... 1 .. The Captive of Nootka Sound. Sq. 16mo.

1832 ... 1 .. The Story of Capt. Riley. {Sq. 16mo.}

1832 ... 1 .. The Story of La Peyrouse. {Sq. 16mo.}

1833 ... 1 .. The Story of Alexander Selkirk. {Sq. 16mo.}

1833 ... 1 .. Bible Stories (a London book, with additions). Sq. 16mo.

1833 ... 1 .. Parley's Magazine. Began 1832. Large sq. 12mo.

1841 .. 28 .. Merry's Museum and Parley's Magazine. Large sq. 12mo. Commenced 1841.

Remarks.

I thus stand before the public as the author and editor of about one hundred and seventy volumes--one hundred and sixteen bearing the name of Peter Parley. Of all these, about seven millions of volumes have been sold: about three hundred thousand volumes are now sold annually.

A recent writer in the Boston Courier, has affirmed that the late Mr. S. Kettell was the "Veritable Peter Parley"--thereby asserting, in effect, and conveying the impression, that he being the author of

the Parley Books, I, who have claimed them, am an impostor. He has, moreover, claimed for him, in precise terms, the actual authorship of various works which have appeared under my own proper name. For reasons which will appear hereafter, I deem it necessary to expose this impudent attempt at imposture--absurd and preposterous as it appears, upon its very face.

First, as to the Parley Books--it will probably be sufficient for me to make the following statement. In respect to the thirty-six volumes of Parley's Tales, in the preceding list, the earlier numbers of which began and gave currency to the entire Parley series, no person except myself ever wrote a single sentence.

As to Parley's Historical Compends--some nine or ten volumes--I had the assistance of N. Hawthorne, and J. O. Sargent, Esqs., and others; but Mr. Kettell never wrote a line of any one of them!

As to Parley's Miscellanies--about fifty volumes--I had some assistance from several persons in about a dozen of them, Mr. Kettell wrote a few sketches for five or six volumes of the Cabinet Library, which I adapted to my purpose, and inserted: this is the whole extent of his participation in the entire Parley series--one hundred and sixteen volumes!

He never wrote, planned, conceived, or pretended to be the author, of a single volume, bearing Parley's name. The pretense thus set up for him, since his death, is as preposterous as it is impudent and false. It would be, indeed, about as reasonable to claim for him the authorship of Don Quixote, or Gil Blas, or Pilgrim's Progress, as thus to give him the title of the "Veritable Peter Parley."

The writer above noticed also claims for Mr. Kettell the chief authorship of Merry's Museum, extending to about thirty volumes--large octavo. This claim is disposed of by the following letter from Rev. S. T. Allen--better qualified than any other person to be a witness in the case.

Yours respectfully,      Stephen T. Allen.

Here, then, are eight and twenty volumes of Merry's Museum, in addition to eighty-eight volumes of Parley's works, rescued from the claims of this wholesale literary burglar.

Another claim in behalf of Mr. Kettell is, that he was the author of various valuable and important school-books, such as the Pictorial History of the United States, a Pictorial History of Greece, &c., &c., &c. The subjoined letter from Mr. George Savage, of the late firm of Huntington & Savage, and now associated with Mr. J. H. Colton & Co., Map and Geography Publishers in New York, will settle this claim, also.

Yours truly,      George Savage.

Another claim, in behalf of Mr. Kettell, made by this adventurous writer, is, that the History of All Nations--a work of 1200 pages, royal 8vo--which appears under my name--was published, with the exception of a few dry pages, "as it came from Mr. Kettell's graceful and flowing pen!" In reply, I offer the following letter, to which I invite the special attention of the reader, inasmuch as it not only refutes this audacious pretense, but it explains the nature of my connection with Mr. Kettell, the reason why I employed him, and the nature and extent of the services he rendered me.

I am yours respectfully,      F. B. Goodrich.

I believe I may now leave this matter to the judgment of the public, with a few brief observations.

The enormous claims in behalf of Mr. Kettell, set up by the Boston Courier and its anonymous correspondent "Veritas," have been disposed of as follows:

1. Mr. Kettell never wrote a line of the thirty-six volumes of Parleys' Tales; never a line of the ten volumes of Parley's Historical Compends,, expressly and repeatedly claimed for him; and of the fifty volumes of Parley's Miscellanies, he only wrote a few sketches in half a dozen of them. To pretend, therefore, that he is the "Veritable Peter Parley," is as gross an imposture, as to call him the "Veritable Author" of Pickwick, or Guy Mannering, or the Spectator.

2. The claim for Mr. Kettell, of the authorship of Merry's Museum,--thirty volumes--is reduced to the writing of about two hundred pages of indifferent matter, as a correspondent.

3. His claim to the authorship of the History of Greece, History of the United States, Parley's Geography, the Primer of Geography, National Geography, Comprehensive Geography and History--positively asserted by "Veritas"--is shown to be false, in the beginning, the middle, and the end.

4. The audacious claim of the entire authorship of the History of All Nations, comes to this, that Mr. Kettell was one of four persons who assisted me in the compilation of that work.

5. It appears, inasmuch as my eyes were weak for a series of twenty-five years, rendering it sometimes impossible for me to consult books, that I employed Mr. Kettell to block out several works, according to plans--minutely and carefully prescribed by me--and that the materials thus furnished, were reduced to method, style, and manner by me, so as to suit my own taste; and that the works were published, as thus remodeled, and not as they were written by him. It appears, furthermore, that all this was done, with Mr. Kettell's full consent, upon written and explicit agreements, and that he never did plan, devise, contrive, or finally prepare any book published under my name, nor was he, nor did he ever claim to be, the author of any book thus published.

6. It is material to state, distinctly, that while "Veritas" claims for Mr. Kettell the entire authorship of over one hundred and twenty volumes of my works, he (Mr. Kettell) never assisted me, in any way or in any degree, in more than twenty volumes, and these only in the manner above indicated--that is, in blocking outworks, mostly historical, under my direction, and to be finished by me.

7. I do not mean by this to depreciate Mr. Kettell's abilities; but inasmuch as these audacious claims, in his behalf, have been perti-

naciously and impudently urged, it is proper for me, in this formal manner, to reduce them to their true dimensions.

8. While I thus acknowledge the assistance rendered me by Mr. Kettell in my historical compilations, it is proper to state that I had the aid of other persons--some of them, of higher name and fame than he. Among my assistants were N. Hawthorne, E. Sargent, J. O. Sargent, S. P. Holbrook, Esqs., Rev. Royal Robbins, Rev. E. G. Smith, Rev. W. S. Jenks, and others. The claims of "Veritas," if admitted, would not only rob me of the authorship of a hundred volumes, which I wrote, but would transfer to Mr. Kettell about twenty volumes, to which several other authors contributed, with greater ability than he.

9. I think it may be safely assumed, that in the history of literature, there is not a more impudent attempt at imposture than this, which originated in the Boston Courier. It is easy to comprehend why the author has not dared to give his name to the public, but has continued to make his attacks behind the mask of an anonymous title. That I deem myself called upon thus to notice him, arises from the fact that he derived a certain color of authority from the Editor of the Courier, and from publishing papers and documents belonging to Mr. Kettell's heirs--though these contributed, in no degree, either to refute the statements here made, or to substantiate any portion of the claims here referred to,

10. Literary history is full of instances in which littleness, allied to malignity, has signalized itself by seeking to deprive authors of their just claims--and while thus doing wrong to then-literary labors, attempting also to degrade them in the eyes of the world, as guilty of appropriating to themselves honors which are not legitimately theirs. It is also a vice of base minds to believe imputations of this sort, without evidence, or even against evidence, when once they have been suggested. I do not think it best, therefore, to leave my name to be thus dealt with by future pretenders, who may desire to emulate this Boston adventurer.

In the United States, the name of Parley has been applied to several works of which I am not the author, though for the most part, from mistake and not from fraudulent designs. The following are among the number:

ENGLISH COUNTERFEITS AND IMPOSITIONS.

[The London publishers and authors have made a large business of preparing and publishing Parley books. Some of these are republications, without change, from the genuine American editions--to which I make no objection; some are the genuine works, more or less altered ; and many others are counterfeits, every means being used to pass them off upon the public as by the original author of Parley's Tales, Among the most notorious of these are the following:

1841 .. 14 .. Peter Parley's Annual--A Christmas aad New Year's Present. Published by Darton & Co.

1834 ... 1 .. Peter Parley's Royal Victoria Game of the Kings and Queens of England. 18mo. Darton & Co.

1840 ... 1 .. Parley's Book of Gymnastics. Sq. 16mo. Darton & Co.

1846 ... 1 .. Parley's Parting Gift. {Sq. 16mo. Darton & Co.}

1855 ... 1 .. Parley's Book of Industry. {Sq. 16mo. Darton & Co.}

1843 ... 1 .. Parley's Book of Poetry. {Sq. 16mo. Darton & Co.}

1843 ... 1 .. Parley's Ireland. {Sq. 16mo. Darton & Co.}

1853 ... 1 .. Parley's Wonders of Earth, Sea, and Sky. Square 16mo. {Darton & Co.}

1840 ... 1 .. Parley's Odds and Ends. Square 16mo. {Darton & Co.}

1848 ... 1 .. Parley's Peeps at Paris. {Sq. 16mo. Darton & Co.}

1848 ... 1 .. Parley's Prize Book. {Sq. 16mo. Darton & Co.}

1842 ... 1 .. Parley's School Atlas. {Sq. 16mo. Darton & Co.}

1839 ... 1 .. Parley's Canada. {Sq. 16mo. Darton & Co.}

1844 ... 1 .. Parley's China and the Chinese. {Sq. 16mo. Darton & Co.}

1853 ... 1 .. Parley's Child's Own Atlas. Square. {Darton & Co.}

1845 ... 1 .. Parley's Life and Journey of St. Paul. Square 16mo. Simpkins.

1844 ... 1 .. Peter Parley's Lives of the Twelve Apostles. Sq. 16mo. Bogue.

1838 ... 1 .. Peter Parley's Visit to London during the Coronation. Sq. 16mo. Bogue.

1842 ... 1 .. Peter Parley's Tales of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Sq. 16mo. Tegg.

1841 ... 1 .. Peter Parley's Mythology of Greece and Rome. Sq. 16mo. Tegg.

1842 ... 1 .. Peter Parley's Tales of Greece, Ancient and Modern. Square I6mo. Tegg.

1840 ... 1 .. Peter Parley's Tales of Ancient Rome and Modern Italy. Sq. 16mo. Tegg.

1839 ... 1 .. Peter Parley's Tales about Christmas. Sq. 16mo. Tegg.

1846 ... 1 .. Peter Parley's Shipwrecks. {Sq. 16mo. Tegg.}

1839 ... 1 .. Parley's Plants. {Sq. 16mo. Tegg.}

1837 ... 1 .. Parley's Modern Geography. {Sq. 16mo. Tegg.}

1839 ... 1 .. Parley's Bible Geography. Sq. 16mo. J. S. Hodson.

1839 ... 1 .. Parley's Child's First Step. Sq. 16mo. Clements.

Since the preceding pages were in type, I have been favored by Messrs. Samson Low, Son & Co., of London, with the proof-sheets of their new "American Catalogue of Books," in the preface of which are some interesting statistics of the book-trade in the United States. From this I make the following extract:

"It seems to be generally agreed that in the twelve years ending 1842, nearly half the publications issued in the United States were reprints of English books," &c.

"There are no means of verifying this, but the increase and comparative nationality of the literature during the last five years (1850 to 1855) are very striking, testifying at once by its progressive char-

acter to the position, strength, and value of the literature of the country at the present day.

"During 1852, unavoidably including many really published in the preceding six months, we find there were 966 new books and new editions; 312 of which were reprints of English books, and 56 translations from other countries.

"During 1853, 879 new books and new editions, including 298 reprints of English books, and 37 translations.

"During 1854, 765 new books and new editions, of which 277 were reprints of English books, and 41 translations.

"During 1855, 1,092 new books and new editions, including 250 reprints of English books, and 38 translations.

"During the six months to July, 1856, 751 new books and new editions, of which but 102 were reprints of English books, and 26 translations."

This statement, made with great care from published catalogues, notices, and titles of books, coincides in a remarkable degree with the conclusions at which I had arrived, as will be seen at page 389, vol. ii. According to this catalogue of the Messrs. Low, the proportion of British books in our book production is now about twenty to twenty-five per cent. It is to be remarked, however, that a great many new editions of school-books, and popular works of constant and large sale, are produced, of which no public notice is given, and which, therefore, are not included in their estimate, above quoted. If we allow for those editions, we shall see that my estimate of twenty per cent, for the proportion of British literature in our publications at the present time, is fully sustained. The rapid relative increase of American over British mind in our literature, is equally manifest from both statements.

I have just met with a book recently issued by the London Religious Tract Society, entitled "Memoirs of Old Humphrey," that is, the late George Mogridge, a well-known writer of religious books and essays, especially for the young, for the last thirty years. By

a list of his writings, inserted in this volume, it seems he was the person employed by Mr. Thomas Tegg, to write the counterfeit Parley books, of which I have given an account at page 292, vol. ii.

Until now, the real authorship of these volumes has been kept a secret. Tegg disguised the matter by encouraging the idea that he wrote them himself. It appears by the Memoir, above alluded to, that the real author of this imposition, was a person claiming to be very pious, and now that his fraud is known, he becomes the hero of a religious tract society!

The false books which he wrote, and which have been palmed off upon the public for twenty years, as written by me, were as follows:

Some of these are founded upon genuine books, and some are wholly original; but they are all written with a sedulous attempt to make them pass as by the veritable author of Parley's Tales. This was the first example of counterfeiting these works, and led to that system of fraud which has caused me so much injury and annoyance.

INDEX.

A.

Abd-el-Kadir, ii. 452.

Abercrombie, Dr. John, ii. 282.

Adams, John, i. 119; ii. 92, 510.

Adams, J. Q., i. 274; ii. 13, 30, 185, 400, 403, 404, 408.

Adams, Samuel, i. 162.

Albert, Prince, ii. 340.

Albion, Ship, ii. 161.

Alfred, King, i. 94.

Allen, Etlian, ii. 99.

Allen, Ira, ii. 99.

Allen, John, i. 351.

Allen, J. W., i. 352.

Alsop, Richard, ii. 123.

Ames, Fisher, ii. 38.

Ampére, author, ii. 509.

Andre, i. 518.

Annuals, The, ii. 259.

Appleton, D. & Co., ii. 254, 883.

Appleton, Wm., ii. 278.

Arago, Astronomer, ii. 444, 475.

Arnold, Benedict, i. 469.

Asbury, Rev. Francis, i. 205.

Ashburton, Lord, i. 508.

Astor, John Jacob, ii. 71.

Austin family, i. 870.

B.

Babcock, Elisha, ii. 28.

Bacon, Dr. Leonard, i. 376.

Bacon, Rev. Mr., ii. 118.

Bacon, Rev. Dr. Leonard, ii. 118.

Bailey, Mrs, i. 473.

Bainbridge, Com., i. 454.

Baird, Dr., ii. 192.

Baker, Dr., i. 522.

Baldwin, Granther, i. 82, 284, 522.

Ballantyne, James, ii. 186.

Baltimore Riot, i. 439.

Bancroft, George, ii. 252.

Bangs, ii. 381.

Barley-wood, ii. 163.

Barlow, Joel, i. 274; ii. 18.

Barnard, Henry, i. 541; ii. 381.

Barrott, Odillon, ii. 453, 466, 467.

Bartlett, Rev. J., i. 181, 540.

Bayard, J. A., i. 123.

Bayard, W., ii, 70.

Baylies, Hodijah, ii. 42.

Beddoes, Dr., i. 377.

Beecher, Catherine, ii. 94.

Beecher, Edward, ii. 94.

Beecher, Henry Ward, ii. 94.

Beecher, Lyman, ii. 98.

Benedict, Aunt Delight, i. 34, 224.

Benedict, Deacon John, i. 148, 223, 522.

Benedict, Noah B., i. 378.

Benedict, Rev. Noah, i. 378.

Benton, Thomas H., ii, 430, 431.

Beranger, Author, ii. 509.

Berlin, Conn., ii. 63.

Berlin, Decree of, i. 446.

Bethel Rock, Legend of, i. 381.

Biddle, Com., i. 488.

Bigelow, Timothy, ii. 41.

Bishop, Abraham, i. 122.

Bishop, Deacon Samuel, i. 122.

Bishop, Sarah, Hermitess, i. 292.

Blackwood's Magazine, ii. 184.

Blackwood, William, ii. 184, 196.

Blanc, Louis, ii. 478, 502.

Blatchford, Rev. Dr., i. 180.

Bliss, George, ii. 41.

Bliss & White, ii. 155.

Blue-Lights, i. 481.

Boardman, Elijah, ii. 50, 51.

Bonaparte, Jerome, i. 111.

Bonaparte, Napoleon, i. 260.

Bonaparte, Pauline, i. 113.

Bradley, Col. P., i. 229, 522.

Bradley, Stephen E., i. 448; ii. 99.

Book-Trade, ii. 379.

Bosc, Agriculturist, ii. 444.

Bowen, Charles, ii. 344.

Brodie, Sir B. C., ii. 282.

Bronson, Mr., ii. 135.

Brooks, Rev. C., i. 541.

Brougham, Lord, ii. 232.

Brown, Dr. John, i. 377.

Bryant, W. C., ii. 110, 278.

Buccleugh, Duke of, ii. 181.

Buchanan, J., ii. 514, 520.

Buckingham, J. T., ii. 35, 258.

Buffalo, i. 444.

Bull, Thomas, ii. 52.

Burdett, Sir F., ii. 234.

Burnett, Rev. Dr., i. 177, 539.

Burns, Robert, ii. 204.

Bushell, Dr,, ii. 94.

Byron, Lord, i. 154; ii. 101, 105, 188, 197, 250.

C.

Cabot, George, ii. 28, 86.

Calhoun, J. C., i. 514; ii. 405, 406, 420, 427.

Campbell, Lord, ii. 366.

Campbell, Thomas, ii. 275.

Canning, George, ii. 233.

Carey, H. C., ii. 361.

Carlyle, Thomas, ii. 359.

Carter, J. G., i. 144, 540; ii. 381.

Castine, ii. 27.

Catalani, Madame, ii. 286.

Causidiere, ii. 478.

Cavaignac, ii. 478, 502.

Chalmers, Dr., ii. 192, 248.

Champion, Henry, ii. 27.

Champollion, i. 363.

Channing, W. E., ii. 253, 341.

Charles II., King, ii. 364.

Charles IX., King, ii. 366.

Charles X., King, ii. 449.

Chartres, Duks of, ii. 467.

Chase, Bishop, ii. 52.

Chauncey family, i. 369.

Cheever, G. B., ii. 255.

Cheney, John, ii. 262.

Chesapeake, Frigate, i. 275; captured, 456.

Child, Mrs., i. 173.

Chittenden, T., ii. 99.

Clark, Rev. Mr., i. 520.

Clarkson, Matthew, ii. 70.

Clay, Henry, i, 511; ii. 325, 394, 397, 405, 408, 420, 504.

Clayton, J. M., ii. 476.

Clemens, Jeremiah, ii. 483.

Clerc, Laurent, ii. 127.

Cleveland, Rev. Mr., i. 130.

Clifford, J. H., ii. 439.

Cockburn, Mr., ii. 349.

Coggeswell, M. F., ii, 123, 126.

Cohen, M. M., ii. 325.

Cold Friday, i. 393.

Coleman, Henry, ii. 475.

Coleman, William, ii. 85.

Coles, J. B., ii. 70.

Colman, George, ii. 101.

Coleridge, S. T., ii. 101.

Colt, Samuel, i. 534.

Communists, ii. 363.

Conservatives, i. 119.

Convention, Hartford, ii. 9.

Convention, Hartford, Members of, ii. 31.

Cooke, Amos, i. 323, 380.

Cooke, Col. J. P., i. 326.

Cook, Dr., ii. 192.

Copee, J. Fenimore, ii. 110, 134, 201.

Copyright, Laws respecting, ii. 377.

Corbin, Mr. P. H. B., ii. 475.

Cotton, History of, i. 365.

Courant, Connecticut, i. 411.

Courbevoie, i. 418.

Courier, Boston, ii. 284, 543.

Cowden, E. C., ii. 475.

Craig, Sir J. H., ii. 14.

Cranstoun, Mr,, ii. 173.

Crawford, W. H., ii. 400.

Crittenden, J. J., ii. 431.

Cullen, Dr. William, i, 377.

Cushing, Caleb, ii. 41, 275.

Cutting, Col. Jonas, ii. 50.

Cuvier, Zoologist, ii. 444.

D.

Dallas, George M., ii. 514.

Dana, E. H., ii. 252.

Danbury, i. 323, 327, 395.

Dane, Nathan, ii. 41.

Darton & Co., ii. 286, 296, 307, 551.

Davis, John, ii, 349.

Dearborn, Gen., i. 455.

Decatur, Com., i. 457, 487.

Dekay, Com., i. 374.

Delbruck, M., ii. 481, 484.

Delight, Aunt, i, 34, 224.

Demagogism, i. 120.

Demming, H. C., i. 398.

Democratic Clubs, i. 117.

Dewey, Orville, ii. 275.

Dexter, Franklin, ii. 505.

Dickens, Charles, ii. 355, 359, 378.

Dickinson, D. S., ii. 94.

Domingo, St., ii. 61.

Dow, Lorenzo, i. 200, 205, 206.

Dow, Peggy, i. 208.

Downie, Com., i. 497.

Duchatel, Min., ii. 466.

Duché, Dr., i. 162, 192.

Duck Island, i. 42.

Dudevant, Madame, ii. 509.

Dumas, Alexandre, ii. 509.

Dumas, Adolphe, ii. 509.

Duncan, G. B., ii. 328.

Dupuytren, Surgeon, ii. 448.

Durham, i. 368.

Dutton, Henry, ii. 94.

Dwight, Dr. Timothy, i. 94, 179, 191, 347.

Dwight family, i. 350.

Dwight, Theodore, i. 435, 454.

E.

Echo, Poems, ii, 128.

Eclipse of the sun, 1806, i. 267.

Edgeworth, Miss, ii. 199.

Edinburgh, ii. 170.

Edinburgh Review, ii. 170.

Edwards, Pierpont, i. 186.

Elliot, Rev. Mr., i. 179.

Ellsworth, H. L., ii. 9.

Ellsworth, Mrs., i. 43.

Ellsworth, Oliver, i. 94, 536 ; ii. 510.

Ely, Col. John, i. 16, 466, 538,

Ely, Grandmother, i. 88.

Embargo, i. 446, 499.

Emmett, Thomas Addis, ii. 72.

England, Scenery of, ii. 212.

Episcopacy, i. 189.

Erie, Lake, victory of, i. 456.

Erving, G. W., ii. 475.

Everett, A. H., ii. 348, 346.

Everett, Edward, ii. 252, 278, 349, 417, 483.

Eyre, Col., i. 469.

F.

Famine in New England, ii. 78.

Fay, T. S., ii. 275.

Fields, J. T., ii. 275, 278.

Fillmore, Millard, ii. 382.

Fisher, A. W., ii. 162.

Fisher, Rev. Mr., i. 179.

Fontaine, Architect, ii. 444.

Forsyth, Secretary of State, ii. 429, 430.

Fourier, Geometrician, ii. 443.

Franklin, Benjamin, i. 94, 414; ii. 511.

Fruit Festival, New York, ii. 277.

Fulton, Robert, i. 283.

G.

Gallatin, Albert, i, 448, 510.

Gallaudet, Thomas H., i. 202 ; ii 126.

Gay-Lussac, ii. 444.

Genet, French Minister, i. 117.

Geoffroy St. Hilaire, ii. 443.

George IV., ii. 223, 238.

Ghent, treaty of, i. 501; ii. 50.

Giant's Causeway, ii. 168.

Gibbs, Col. George, i. 360.

Gillies, Judge, ii. 175.

Girardin, Emile, ii, 500.

Girardin, Madame, ii. 509.

Glass, Rev. John, i, 398.

Goddard, Calvin, ii. 26, 46.

Goodrich family, i. 370.

Goodrich, Elizur, D.D., i. 523.

Goodrich, Chauncey, i. 16, 417, 526; ii. 32, 44.

Goodrich, Elizur, LL. D., i. 16, 122, 530.

Goodrich, Rev. Samuel, i. 16, 17, 516, 531.

Goodrich, C. C., i. 533.

Goodrich, Professor C. A., i. 43 ; ii. 384.

Goodrich, Charles A., i. 151, 533 ; ii. 112.

Goodrich, Elizur, Jr., i. 43.

Goodridge, Major, ii. 10.

Goodwin, George, i. 410.

Goodwin, J. M., ii. 53.

Gospellers, i. 195.

Gould, George, ii. 94.

Gould, James, ii. 93.

Gracie, Archibald, ii. 70, 71.

Graham's Magazine, ii. 382.

Grattan, T. C., ii. 342.

Greenfield Hill, i. 49.

Greenwood, F. W. P., ii. 273.

Gregory, Molly, i. 72.

Grellet, Peter, i. 256.

Griswold, Dr. Rufus W., ii. 262, 382.

Griswold, Fort, i. 468.

Griswold, Roger, i. 461.

Groton, village, i. 466.

Guizot, Minister, ii. 450, 457, 466.

H.

Hale, Nathan, ii. 253.

Hale, S. J., ii. 280.

Halleck, F., ii. 156.

Hamilton, Alexander, i, 275.

Hand, Dr., ii. 80.

Hanson, Alexander, i. 441.

Hardy, Com., i. 457, 469.

Harper, James, ii. 254.

Harper & brothers, ii, 254, 383.

Harrison, Gen., i. 455.

Hartford, City of, i. 436.

Hartford Convention, i. 450.

Hatch, Moses, i. 331.

Haven, Franklin, ii. 336.

Hawes, Dr. Joel, ii. 384.

Hawes, Miss, ii. 385.

Hawkes, W., ii. 475.

Hawley, Deacon Elisha, i. 72, 225, 519.

Hawley, Irad, i. 521.

Hawley, Rev. Thomas, i. 183, 516.

Hawley, Elijah, i. 137.

Hawley, Stiles, i. 521.

Hawley, William, i. 519.

Hawthorne, N., ii. 269.

Hayne, Col, i. 511; ii. 426.

Hazard, Benjamin, ii. 42.

Hennen, Alfred, ii. 325.

Henry III., King, ii. 366.

Henry, John, ii. 14.

Hentz, André, ii. 483.

Herald, New York, ii. 382.

Hildreth, Historian, i. 123, 451.

Hill, Isaac, ii. 429, 430.

Hillhouse, James, ii. 44.

Hinma, R. R. ii. 33.

Holbrook, Josiah, i. 541.

Holley, G. W., ii. 94.

Holmes, O. W., ii. 275.

Hood, Thomas, ii. 302, 357.

Hopkins, Lemuel, i. 435 ; ii. 114.

Hopkinson, Francis, i. 282.

Hubbard, S. D., i. 374.

Hudson & Goodwin, i. 410.

Hull, Com., i. 454.

Hull, Gen., i. 453.

Humphries, David, i. 404 ; ii. 116.

Humphries, H., D.D., i. 539.

Hunter, William, ii. 398.

Huntington, J. W., ii. 93.

Huntington, S. H., ii. 109.

I.

Ingersoll, Rev. Jonathan, i. 249, 516.

Ingersoll, Jared, i. 518.

Ingersoll, Jonathan, Judge, i. 254.

Ingersoll, Joseph, i. 250.

Ingersoll, Morse, i. 250.

Ingersoll, Grace, i. 255.

Ingersoll, E. I., i. 254.

Ingersoll, C. J., ii. 31, 56.

International Copyright, ii. 355.

Irving, Rev. Edward, ii. 240.

Irving, Washington, ii. 442.

Izard, Gen., i. 496.

J.

Jackson, Gen., i. 502; ii. 400, 403.

Jackson, Judge, Charles, ii. 15.

Jagger, Beggar, i. 60.

Jay, John, ii. 511.

Jefferson, Thomas, i. 68, 108, 115, 273; ii. 13.

Jeffrey, Francis, ii. 174, 178.

Jenner, Dr., i. 42.

Jennings, Hotel-keeper, ii. 70.

Jesup, Gen., ii. 52, 54.

Johnson, Capt. N., i. 464.

Johnson, Dr. S., i. 272.

Joinville, Princess de, ii. 469.

Jones, Com., i. 454, 488.

Jones, Paul, ii. 203.

Jouy, Author, ii. 445.

K.

Kalewala, Poem of, i. 50.

Kekler, 'Squire Timothy, i. 20, 522

Kent, Judge, ii. 72.

Kettell, Samuel, ii. 284.

Key, F. S., i. 490.

King, Charles, ii. 70.

King, Family of, i. 517.

King, Gen. Joshua, i. 120, 239, 517.

King, Rufus H., i. 147, 247 ; ii. 398.

Knatchball, Sir E., ii. 250.

Knickerbocker Magazine, ii. 382, 383.

Knox, Gen., i. 536.

L.

Lacey, Bookseller, ii. 285.

Lacroix, Mathematician, ii. 444.

Lady of the Lake, ii. 169.

Laennec, Physician, ii. 447.

Lafayette, Gen., ii. 451.

Lamarck, Naturalist, ii. 444.

Lamartine, ii. 467, 502, 509.

Lamb, Lady Caroline, ii. 189.

Laplace, Astronomer, ii. 444.

Larrey, Baron, ii. 448.

Larroque, Baron, Physician, ii. 281.

Law, Jonathan, ii. 109.

Lawrence, Abbott, i. 94, 542.

Lawrence, Amos, i. 542.

Lawrence, Capt., i. 456.

Lawrence, William, i. 542.

Lecompte, Bois, ii. 505.

Ledyard, Col., 1. 468.

Lee, Dr. S. H. P., i. 485.

Lee, Gov. Henry, i. 442.

Leopard, British ship, i. 275.

Lewis, Rev. Dr., i. 176, 539.

Lewis and Clarke's Expedition, i. 278.

L'herminier, Dr., ii. 281.

Liho-Liho, King, ii. 289.

Lingan, Gen., i. 442.

Livingston, Chancellor, i. 404.

Livingston, Edward, ii. 510.

Loch Katrine, ii. 169, 209.

Locke, John, ii. 164.

Lockhart, J. G., ii. 173, 190, 196, 208.

Lockhart, Mrs., ii. 197.

Lockwood, H. N., i. 338.

London, Progress of, ii. 222.

M.

Macdonough, Com., i. 497.

Mackenzie, Judge, ii. 175.

Mackintosh, Sir J., ii. 231.

Macomb, Gen., i. 497.

Macy, Capt., ii. 161.

McGee, Messrs., i. 205.

Madison, James, i. 448, 498; ii. 14, 58.

Mann, Horace, ii. 881.

Manton, Edward, ii. 42.

Maple sugar, i. 68.

Marcy, William H., ii. 509, 513.

Mars, Mademoiselle, ii. 446.

Marsh, Rev. Dr., i. 221, 258.

Marshall, Judge, ii. 327, 394.

Marshall, T., ii. 431.

Martin, Hyacinthe, ii. 479.

Martin, Peter Parley, ii. 285, 298.

Mason, J. M., ii. 74, 118.

Mason, Lowell, ii. 381.

Mead, Jerry, i. 116.

Mead, Rev. Mr., i. 18.

Mead, Whitman, ii. 25.

Mellen, Grenville, ii. 274.

Merchants' Magazine, ii. 382.

Mercury, American, ii. 30.

Merino sheep, i. 404.

Mery, Author, ii. 509.

Meteor of 1807, i. 277.

Methodism, i. 195.

Milan Decree, i. 446.

Miller, John, ii. 137.

Mirror, Connecticut, ii. 121, 148.

Mitchell, Rev. Mr., i. 179, 539.

Molé, Count, ii. 458, 466.

Moncrief, Sir H., ii. 173.

Monroe, Mrs., ii. 402.

Monroe, President, ii. 127, 401, 402, 511.

Montpensier, Duchess of, ii. 460.

Moore, Thomas, ii. 189.

More, Hannah, i. 172; ii. 163, 168, 255.

Morgan, Capt., ii. 50.

Morgan, Lady, i. 113.

Morse, S. F., ii. 534.

Morton, Lord, ii. 191.

Morton, Marcus, ii. 349.

Mosely, Charles, i. 464.

Murray, Rev. John, i. 189.

N.

Napoleon, Emperor, i. 112.

Napoleon, Louis, i. 113; ii. 489, 503.

Neal, John, ii. 275, 357, 375.

Neale, Joseph C., ii. 359.

Nemours, Duke of, ii. 457, 465, 467.

Newark, i. 455.

New Bedford, ii. 349.

New Haven, i. 339.

New Orleans, ii. 324.

New Orleans, battle of, i. 502.

Nlles, J. M., ii. 429.

Non-importation Act, i. 446.

Norfolk, i. 444.

North American Review, ii. 252.

Noyes, Rev. Mr., i 178.

Nullification, ii. 58.

O.

O'Connell, D., ii. 158.

Ohio, Emigration to, ii. 79.

Olmstead, Deacon N., i. 114, 222, 522.

Olitstead, Lewis, i. 38.

Olmstead, Matthew, i. 265.

Olmstead, Stephen, i. 38.

Olmsted, David, i. 27.

Opie, Mrs., ii. 255.

Orleans, Duchess of, ii. 467.

Osgood, Mrs., ii. 274.

Otis, H. G., ii. 15, 25, 27, 37, 398.

P.

Packenham, Gen., i. 502.

Paine, Thomas, i. 117, 118.

Palmerston, Lord, ii. 234.

Panama Mission, ii. 396.

Paris, City of, ii. 438.

Paris, Count de, ii. 467.

Park, Mungo, i. 275.

Parsons, Judge, Theophilus, ii. 88.

Patterson, Miss, i. 111.

Pauline Bonaparte, i. 113.

Payson, Rev. Edward, ii. 75.

Peace, i. 496, 501.

Peel, Sir Robert, ii. 234.

Percival, J. G., ii. 130.

Perkins, Rev. Dr., i. 258.

Perkins, Thomas H., i. 542; ii. 15.

Perkins, Jacob, ii. 225, 226, 261.

Perry, Dr., i. 522.

Perry's victory, i. 456.

Pierpont, J., ii. 95, 273.

Pickering, John, ii. 271.

Pike, Gen., i. 455.

Pinkney, William, ii. 398.

Plumer, William, ii. 15.

Poisson, Mathematician, ii. 443.

Polk, J. K., President, ii. 424.

Pope Pius VII., i. 113.

Ponsard, Author, ii. 509.

Porter, Jane, ii. 104.

Poussin, G. T., ii. 476.

Prentiss, S. S., ii. 416.

Prescott, William, ii. 15, 40.

Prescott, William II., ii. 381.

Prime, Nathaniel, ii. 70.

Provost, Gen., i. 496.

Proudhon, ii. 363.

Puritans, i. 195.

Putnam, G. P,, ii. 278, 883.

R.

Rachel, Actress, ii. 509.

Radicals, i. 119.

Ramsay, Allan, ii. 211.

Randolph, John, i. 440, 448; ii. 45, 396, 897, 431.

Reeve, Tapping, Judge, i. 390; ii 93.

Ressequie, A., i. 516.

Revival, The Great, i. 205.

Revolution, French, of 1848, ii. 451.

Ridgefield, Town of, i. 16, 57, 300, 515.

Riley, Isaac, ii. 63.

Ripley, Rev. Dr., i. 149, 176.

Ristori, Madame, ii. 509.

Rives, William C., ii. 505.

Robbins, Rev. E., ii. 141, 145.

Robertson, Judge, ii. 175.

Rockwell, J. O., ii. 257.

Rogers, John, i. 67.

Roland, Madame, ii. 146.

Rollin, Ledru, ii. 502.

Romeyn, Rev. Dr., ii. 73.

Ross, Gen., i. 490.

Rush, Richard, ii. 473.

Russell, Mrs., ii. 178.

Russell, William, i. 541.

S.

Sand, Madame Georg3, ii. 509.

Sandaman, Robert, i. 398.

Sanford, Ezekiel, i. 141.

Sanford, H. S., ii. 518.

Sargent, E. and J., ii. 275.

Saunders, George, ii. 519.

Sauzet, Deputy, ii. 467.

Scott, Charles, ii. 196.

Scott, Sir Walter, ii. 100, 107, 175, 196, 208.

Seabury, Bishop, i, 132, 190.

Sheldon, George, i. 410; ii. 76.

Sherman, Roger, i. 94.

Sherman, Roger M., ii. 25, 47.

Sigourney, Mrs., ii. 125, 274.

Silliman, Gen., i. 326.

Silliman, Professor, i. 68, 355.

Skellinger, J. J., i. 137.

Small-pox, i. 43.

Smith, Horace, ii. 101.

Smith, J. L,, ii. 50.

Smith, James, ii. 101.

Smith, John, ii. 357.

Smith, John Cotton, i. 62, 461, 539; ii. 89.

Smith, Lieutenant, i. 21, 152, 272, 276.

Smith, Nathan, i. 392; ii. 157.

Smith, Nathaniel, i. 378, 388; ii. 46.

Smith, Rev. Mr., i, 181.

Smith, Sydney, ii. 110.

Smith, Truman, i, 392.

Smithsonian Institute, ii. 371.

Snelling, J., ii. 265.

Soulé, Pierre, ii. 514.

Soult, Marshal, ii. 466.

South Carolina, Nullification, i. 511.

Southern Literary Messenger, ii. 382.

Sothey, Rob., i. 196 ; ii. 101, 200.

Sparks, Jared, ii. 252.

Spotted fever, i. 376.

St. Albans, ii. S39.

Star-spangled Banner, i. 490.

Stationers' Company, ii. 272.

Stebbins, Samuel, i. 140, 522.

Stone, Wm. L., ii, 90, 136.

Storrs, Henry W., ii. 480.

Story, Judge, ii. 327.

Stowe, Mrs., ii. 94, 385.

Strong, Dr. Nathan, ii. 52, 116.

Summerly, Felix, ii. 312.

Summer, Charles, ii. 278.

Sussex, Duke of, ii. 226.

Swan, Rev. Mr., i. 177, 509.

Swift, Zephaniah, ii. 18, 46.

T.

Talma, Actor, ii. 445.

Talmadge, F. A., 3i.94.

Tamehamaha, King, ii. 238.

Taylor, Bayard, ii. 361.

Taylor, Jeremy, ii. 247.

Tecumseh, i. 455.

Tegg, Thomas, ii. 292.

Terry, Gen. Nathaniel, ii. 28, 46, 51

Thacher, B. B., ii. 274.

Thénard, Chemist, ii. 443.

Thiers, ii. 467.

Thomas, Joshua, ii. 41.

Ticknor, Professor, ii. 198.

Tileston, Mr., ii. 382.

Times, London, [no page #]

Times, New York Daily, ii. 382.

Tisdale, Elkanah, ii. 111.

Todd, Dr., i. 376.

Toleration, ii, 84.

Tompkins, Vice-President, ii. 56, 394.

Toucey, Isaac, ii. 109.

Tracy, Uriah, ii. 18, 92.

Treadwell, John, i. 114; ii. 45.

Tribune, New York, ii. 382.

Trubner & Co., London, ii. 387, 388.

Trumbull, Col. Jona., ii. 115, 124.

Trumbull, John, i. 435; ii. 111, 115.

Tryon, Gen., i. 326.

U.

Unitarianism, i. 188.

V.

Value, Count, ii. 61.

Van Buren, Martin, ii. 343, 481.

Vermont, ii. 99.

Verplanck, G. C., ii. 275.

Victoria, Queen, ii. 340, 515.

Vincent, Sir F., ii. 389.

W.

Wadsworth, Daniel, ii. 122.

Wadsworth family, i. 370.

Wadsworth, Jeremiah, ii. 122.

Wainwright, J. M., ii. 109.

Waite, T. B., i. 541.

Waldo, Daniel, ii. 41.

Walker, Samuel, ii. 188.

War of 1812, i. 438.

Ward, Samuel, ii. 42.

Warden, D. B., Consul, ii. 443.

Warden, Francis, ii. 506.

Warner, Miss, ii. 385.

Washington, President, i. 106, 118.

Waterman, Rev. Mr., i. 181.

Webster, Daniel, i. 94, 95, 508, 510; ii. 10, 222, 327, 342, 400, 405, 409, 414, 504.

Webster, Noah, i. 363; ii. 18, 57, 189, 381.

Wellington, Duke of, ii. 224, 339.

Wells, Dr. S., i. 376.

Wells, John, ii. 70.

West, Benjamin, ii. 42.

Whipple, E. P., ii. 392.

White, Ebenezer, i, 402.

Whitney, Eli, i. 364.

Whittier, J. G., ii. 145.

Wickliffe, E., Jr., ii. 475.

Wilberforce, William, ii. 166.

Wilde, S. S., ii. 41.

Wiley, Charles, ii. 135.

Wilkinson, Gen., i. 455, 496.

Willard, Mrs. Emma, ii. 25.

William IV., King, ii. 339.

Williams, Roger, i. 187.

Willis, N. P., ii. 256, 264.

Winchester, Gen., i. 445.

Winthrop, E. C., ii. 278.

Wirt, William, ii. 418, 429.

Wise, Henry, ii. 404.

Wolcott, Frederick, ii. 91.

Wolcott, M. A., ii. 91.

Wolcott, Oliver, i. 113; ii. 18, 59, 70. 87, 88.

Wood, George, ii. 505.

Woodbridge, W. C., ii 113.

Woodbury, Town of, i. 378.

Wooster, Calvin, i. 206.

Wooster, Gen., i. 327, 398.

Wright, Silas, ii. 431.

Y.

Yabacomb, Mrs., i. 60.

York, Duke of, ii. 228.

END OF VOL. II.